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Year 13 revision for A level/Btec > Sociology- crime and deviance > Flashcards

Sociology- crime and deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between crime and deviance

A

A crime is an illegal action against the law while deviance is the behaviour which is disapproved by people in society.

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2
Q

What is social order

A

this is general conformity to the shared norms and values so that society is peaceful

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3
Q

what is formal control

A

control carried out by the armed forces and the CJS.

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4
Q

What is informal social control

A

carried out by agencies like the school and the family and the peer group.

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5
Q

What are the positives of police recorded crime

A

they are to update and they are standardised
they are easy to access and have already been complied
they cover the whole population and go back many years

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6
Q

what are the negatives of police recorded crime

A

they do not included or unreported crime
they do not include crime which is known as the dark figure of crime
they do not provide a clear picture of the crime

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7
Q

what is the new right approach to understanding recorded crime

A

the believe that the laws are made for society and applied equally. They also state that crimes happens mainly to the underclass

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8
Q

What is the feminist approach to police recorded crime

A

they say that women commit less crime than men

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9
Q

What is the marxist approach recorded crime

A

they say police statistics are used to scare and justify more policing. They see police recorded crime as a tool to justify their control and oppression

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10
Q

What is sutherlands point of view on social class linking to crime

A

He pointed out that crimes happen higher in lower socio-economic classes than upper socio-economic classes

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11
Q

What is the functionalist approach to police recorded crime

A

They believe in the existence of social facts and measuring social behaviour scientifically.
They would trust quantitative data

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12
Q

What is youngs (1988) point of view on victimisation

A

He discussed the myth of equal victim which suggests poor people are hit much harder when they are victims of crime

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13
Q

What do feminists consider when talking about victimisation

A

They consider domestic violence and female victimisation that underestimate the problem

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14
Q

What is youngs point of view when talking victimisation and crime

A

He states that the same crime does not have the same meaning of the punch

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15
Q

What is worklates (2006) point of view on victimisation

A

The researcher considered women stay in abusive relationships. She found that women are unable to leave and nowhere to go due to not having economic independence

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16
Q

What did the ministry of data say about black people

A

They stated that black people were stopped and searched 7 times more than white people in 2009/2010

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17
Q

True or false, males account for 4/10 homicide victims

A

False, males account for 7/10 homicide victims

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18
Q

What did soothill et al (2004) say the peak age for burglary is?

A

16

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19
Q

What is green crime

A

This is criminal activity which affects the environment like dumping of toxic waste and trafficking of endagered species.

20
Q

What is primary green crime

A

Crimes which inflict direct harm on the environment like deforastation

21
Q

What is secondary green crime

A

Crimes which arise from the exploitation of conditions that follow environmental damage

22
Q

What is glocalisation

A

the intertwining of global and local networks

23
Q

Which theorist talks about glocalisation

A

Robertson 1995

24
Q

What did Franko Aas 2007- say about global organised crime

A

he stated that the cross border activities of organised crime groups arguably exploiting to their advantage increasing global interconnectedness

25
Q

How is gangsta rap described as?

A

Criminologists see gangsta rap as a means of articulating resistance against societal norms. The lyrics portray narratives of street life and survival

26
Q

What is youngs (2003) view with the underclass and crime?

A

He says that individuals face a systematic disadvantage like poverty, and lack of education. Young also emphasises criminality can be understood as a result of deeply rooted structural inequalities

27
Q

What society did Young say people live in these days?

A

A bulimic society

28
Q

What is the meaning of a bulimic society?

A

A culture where citizens are encouraged to worship success, money, and wealth

29
Q

What is Katz and Jackson’s view on gang culture?

A

The sociologists stated that gangs often foster a sense of local attachment that transforms criminal behaviour into a source of pride and identity. Gangs share a culture which celebrates loyalty

30
Q

Which theorist talked about the carnival of crime?

A

Presdee (2002)

31
Q

What did presdee say the carnival of crime allows individuals to do?

A

The sociologist said it allows individuals to express their frustrations and desires.

32
Q

What is Howard Beckers (1966) view with labelling theory and self- fulfilling prophecy?

A

This explores how labels society gives people shapes their identity

33
Q

What is primary deviance?

A

the initial act of rule breaking

34
Q

What is secondary deviance?

A

This when the individual adopts the label given to them and that when they will live up to it

35
Q

What is self fulfilling prophecy?

A

The label that starts to match with the individuals behaviour and this is when society sees them that way

36
Q

What is lemert’s (1951) view on primary deviance?

A

He says that primary deviance is the initial act of rule breaking before the individuals is labelled as deviant

37
Q

What did Murray suggest the underclass is?

A

He described the underclass as unemployed and dependent on the welfare state. He said the group lacks proper socialisation and family values

38
Q

True or false, Murray suggested that single parent families contribute to the development of underclass children due to the absence of family structures?

A

True

39
Q

Who does Murray critic for creating a dependency culture?

A

The welfare state

40
Q

What was Murray’s view on young males without their fathers?

A

He suggested that young males without their fathers have impulse control and become sexual predators

41
Q

What was Murray’s view on girls without their fathers

A

He suggested that they will become emotionally damaged and searching for a father substitute

42
Q

What did Murray say inadequate socialisation leads to?

A

the underclass developing criminality and laziness

43
Q

Who criticises the new right and Murray’s view on crime and the underclass?

A

Young 2003

44
Q

What are young’s critics on murray and the new right?

A

Young suggests that Hernstein and Murray place too much emphasises on IQ as determining social outcomes
Young critices for neglecting the broader social and economic context in which individuals live

45
Q

What is Murray’s view on the bell curve

A

Individuals with lower IQ are more likely to engage in criminal activities
The average IQ of the criminal population is 92

Year 13 revision for A level/Btec (9 decks)

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