Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Revision A level/ Btec > Science biology revision > Flashcards

Science biology revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell that doesn’t have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

A cell that has a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells have 70s ribosomes while eukaryotic have 80s ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles while prokaryotic don’t
Eukaryotic cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the colour of gram positive bacteria?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the colour of gram negative bacteria?

A

Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What shape is the gram negative bacteria?

A

Cocci shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What shape is the gram positive bacteria?

A

Rod shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of epithilial tissue?

A

Squamous
Columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the shape of the squamous tissue?

A

Single layer of flat cells, very squashed together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the shape of the columnar tissue?

A

Tall, upright cells and they are arranged in columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the goblet cells?

A

trap pathogens and it also produces mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the columnar tissue located?

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the five types of specialised cells?

A

Red blood cells
sperm cells
egg cell
Root hair cell
Palisade mesophyll cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the sperm cell adapted for it’s function?

A

It has got mitochondria which gives the cell lots of energy to swim and it acts as a powerhouse. The sperm head is made up of acrosomes which contains enzymes and these enzymes are released when the sperm cell meets the egg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the red blood cell adapted for it’s function?

A

It has got a large surface are which has no nucleus and this allows the cell to carry more oxygen. It has a got a biconcave shape which allows it to squeeze through capillaries to carry more oxygen. And it has also got a short diffusion distance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a gap between two neurones called?

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three types of neurone?

A

Relay
motor
sensor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the membrane potential while at rest?

A

-70mv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two protein filaments found in the muscle cells?

A

Actin
Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the structures of a nerve cell?

A

Dendrites, Scwann cells, axon, node of ranvier, myelin sheath, axon terminal, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

electrically insulating layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the end of a terminal called?

A

Axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is Parkison’s diseases treated?

A

L-dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the formula to calculate magnification?

A

Image size divided by actual size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the advantages of electron microscope?
It has a higher magnification and resolution
26
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
The golgi apparatus makes proteins and packages them into vesicles
27
What are the cells in an animal cell
Mitochondria centrioles ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi apparatus lysosomes vesicles plasma membrane cytoplasm nucleolus
28
What are the cells in a plant cell
Amyloplast tonoplast plasmodesmata vacuole cell wall mitochondria smooth ER Rough ER ribosomes cell membrane
29
What is the function of the Rough ER
where protein synthesis takes place, and it transports proteins to the golgi apparatus
29
What is the function of the smooth ER
Transports lipids and carbohydrates
29
What is the function of the vesicle
transports substances that are needed like protein
29
What is the function of the slime capsule
protects the bacterial cell and prevents dessication ( water loss)
29
What is the function of lysosomes
breaks down waste material which includes old organelles and digest pathogens
30
What are the main differences between an unmyelinated and a myelinated neurone
unmyelinated neurones have no myelin sheath while myelinated neurones do myelinated neurones have a larger diameter than unmyelinated neurones myelinated neurones have much faster impulses than unmylielinated neurones
30
What are some of the symptoms of Depression
low energy levels loss of self-esteem Insominia feeling intense sadness and anxiety
30
What are some of the symptoms of parkison's disease
less movement staggered gait speech is much more slower tremors
30
What happens at the stage of depolarisation
sodium channels open and they flood into the cell. this alters the potential difference
30
What happens at the stage of resting potential
there is a difference in electrical charges on the outside and inside of the phospholid plasma membrane, the outside has a positive charge while the inside has a negative charge
31
What happens at the stage of repolarisation
The K plus ions start to diffuse out of the cell, the sodium potassium pump creates a concentration and an electrical gradient
32
What is the order of the action potential
1. Resting potential 2. Depolarisation 3. Repolarisation 4. Hyperpolarisation
33
What is the treatment for depression
Prozac
34
What is the action potential when it rises
-55mv
35
What is the sliding filament theory
ATP is released from respiration causes myosin to pull actin inwards, shortening the muscle. This, then forms a crossbridge. Myosin heads bend and actin filament slide, myosin heads then release ADP and Pi and ATP binds to the myosin heads.
36
What is endothelial tissue
A single layer of flattened cells and it is found lining the blood vessels
37
Describe slow twitch fibres
slow twitch fibres are more effective at using oxygen to generate energy in the form of ATP. It fuels muscle contraction uses aerobic respiration and has more myoglobin
38
Describe fast twitch fibres
fast twitch fibres have less myoglobin, uses anaerobic respiration, and also has less mitochondria
39
what are the effects of smoking on the alveoli
smoke can damage the walls of the alveoli, the alveoli walls break down and join together forming large air spaces than normal and this results in reduced efficiency of gas exchange
40
What are the symptoms of COPD
Breathlessness increased risk of chest infections persistent wheezing smoking damaging air sacs
41
What is the equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + -oxygen= ATP + Carbon dioxide + water
42
What is the function of the node of ranvier
facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses
43
what is meant by a tissue
a group of cells that peform a particular function
44
what is meant by an organ
a group of tissues that peform a particular function
45
what is meant by an organ system
a group of organs that peform a particular function
46
What happens at the stage of the resting potential
The sodium potassium occurs, this is where 2 k plus ions diffuse into the cell and 3Na plus ions diffuse out of the cell
47
What similarities do both neutrophils and lymphocytes have
Both involved in defending against pathogens Both made in bone marrow They both originate from stem cells Both of them have a rough ER, mitochondria and nuclei
48
What similarities do both neutrophils and lymphocytes have
Both involved in defending against pathogens Both made in bone marrow They both originate from stem cells Both of them have a rough ER, mitochondria and nuclei
49
what is hyperpolarisation
There is an overshoot of the movement of K plus ions this makes the inside more negative than normal which causes the K plus ions to close
50
what are the differences between neutrophils and lymphocytes
Lymphocytes: they have a large nucleus they have T cells which are responsible for destroying harmful pathogens and B cells which are responsible for making proteins which are called antobodies to fight off pathogens. they have immunological memory Neutrophils: they are phagocytic so they engulf and destroy pathogens they have several lobes they can migrate to areas of infection
51
How is a root hair cell adapted for it's function?
mitochondria provides energy for the active transport of ions large surface area for the absorption of water and ions short distance across cell wall increases the rate of diffusion
52
how is a palisade mesophyll cell adapted for its function?
it has a large vacuole which pushes the chloroplast to the edge of the cell to absorb sunlight major site of photosynthesis cytoskeleton is able to move the chloroplast up and down the cell to maintain sunlight and protect chloroplast thin and transparent cellular walls, easy for gaseous diffusion
53
What is atherosclerosis and what effect does it have on the endothelial tissue/
carbon monoxide gas from smoke​ High blood pressure of the person​ Both cause damage to endothelium​ White blood cells repair this damage​ And encourage the growth of smooth muscle​ And fatty deposits, like cholesterol, under the endothelium ​ This is called ATHEROSCLEROSIS​

Revision A level/ Btec (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions