Sport-related concussion Flashcards
Concussion definition
Any transient, post-traumatic alteration in mental status of an individual
What is SRC
Sport related concussion: traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces
SRC MOI
direct blow to head, neck, or body
- results in an impulsive force transmitted to brain
What are the 3 types of concussions
1- Direct impact injury
2- acceleration-deceleration injury
3- blast injury
What is the physiological response to a concussion?
- Neurotransmitter and metabolic cascade
- possible axonal injury
- blood flow change
- inflammation affecting the brain
What is the time for recovery from a concussion? and when do S/S occur?
S/S may present immediately or evolve over mins/hours
- commonly resolved within days
When looking for a concussion, no abnormality is seen on:
standar structural neuroimaging studies (CT or MRI T1 and T2-weighted images)
In research setting, abnormalities may be present on:
functional, blood flow, or metabolic imaging studies
Clinical S/S of concussions may occur concomitantly w/
- other injuries: cervical, peripheral vestibular dysfunction
- other comorbidities: psychological factors, coexisting medical conditions
What to check for in MOI
- direct or indirect?
- position of athlete
- falling after or not?
- hitting head again? (rebound)
- total #hits
What are the 4 Rs for concussion identification and management?
Recognize
Remove
Refer
Return
What are the 4 categories in recognizing a concussion?
1- cognitive
2- physical
3- behavioural
4- emotional
What are some physical S/S of an acute concussion
- LOC, impaired consciousness
- poor coordination
- convulsions/seizures
- unsteady gait, loss of balance
- slow answers
- poor concentration
- nausea/vomiting
- vacant stare “glassy eyes”
- slurred speech
- personality change
- inappropriate behavious/emotions
What are some cognitive S/S (acute concussion)
- unaware of score/period (Maddock’s)
- Unaware of date, place, time (orientation)
- Amnesia
- LOC
Typical S/S of acute concussion
- headache
- dizziness
-nausea
-tinnitus
What are some emotional S/S of acute concussion
- anxiety
- irritability
- mood changes
- sadness
What are red flags for concussions?
- GCS <15 (alertness)
- tingling/numbness/burning
- double vision
- weakness in extremities
- vomiting
What does SCAT 6 stand for?
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-6
When should you use the SCOAT 6?
in first 72 hrs and up to 1 week after injury
What is the CRT6
Concussion recognition tool-6
- students use this
Who is the Child SCAT6 used on
8-12
What happens in second-impact syndrome?
- loss of autoregulation of circulation to the brain
- can be fatal
- when a second head injury occurs before the first is healed
- brain edema + inc. pressure
- may lead to cerebral herniation
- brainstem failure in 2-5 mins
How do you recognize second-impact syndrome?
- “stoned” appearance
- no loss of consciousness
- 15seconds to a few mins
- sever S/S: loss of eye mvmt, respiratory failure, dilated pupils
If dizziness, headaches, and neck pain remain 10 days following injury:
cervico-vestibular rehabilitation is recommended
