Blood borne Pathogen Flashcards
What are bloodborne pathogens
Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood and other fluids that can lead to disease
(CSF, semen, vaginal secretion, synovial fluid)
Examples of bloodborne pathogens
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Humman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
What is the occurrence of HBV?
- over 12million americans infected
- up to 40 000 ppl in US newly infected each year
S/S of HBV
“silent infection”
- jaundice
- fatigue
- abdominal pain
- loss of appetite
- intermittent nausea
- vomiting
- may lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death
How long can HBV survive
At least 1 week in blood, fluids, dried blood, contaminated surfaces
Occurrence of HCV
Most common chronic bloodborne infection in the US
S/S of HCV
- jaundice
- fatigue
- abdominal pain
- loss of appetite
- intermittent nausea
- vomiting
- may lead to chronic liver disease and death
Occurrence of HIV
around more than 1.1 million ppl
Characteristics of HIV
- Leads to AIDS
- Affects immune system
- does not survive well outside body
- infected for life
What are 2 other bloodborne diseases carried by viruses or bacteria
Zika Virus and Ebola Virus
What are contamination sources (Biohazard)
- Blood
Other Potentially Infectious Materials (OPIM): - body fluids
- unfixed tissue/organ from human
- cultures, culture mediums, or other solutions
- experimental animal blood, tissues, or organs infected w/ HIV or HBV
Spread of Bloodborne pathogens occurs through:
- direct contact (person)
- indirect contact (object)
- respiratory transmission (sneeze)
- vector-borne transmission (mosquito)
How exposure occurs: (examples)
- Needlesticks
- cuts from other contaminated sharps
- contact of mucous membrane (eyes, nose, mouth) or broken skin w/ contaminated blood or OPIM
- Open sores, cuts, abrasions, acne, sunburn/blisters
Risk of transmission in athletics?
- HIV: low
- Minimal on-field
- Higher risk: close contact + exposure to bodily fluids (martial arts)
2 key components of standard precaution for controlling exposures:
1) treat all blood/bodily fluids as contaminated
2) proper cleanup + decontamination
3 work practice controls:
1- safer medical devices
2- sharps disposal containers
3- hand hygiene
Describe Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- dispose of in biohazard container
examples: - gloves
- masks
- aprons/smocks/gowns
- face shields
- mouthpieces
- safety glasses
- CPR pocket masks
What is the protocol for immunization HBV
3-dose vaccination over 6 months
Precautions with gloves
- Limit touching surfaces
- Dispose discoloured, torn, punctured
- wash hands after use
CPR breathing barriers: use and types
- eliminate mouth-to-mouth (protect against saliva and blood)
Types: - Pocket mask (reusable)
- Face shield (one use)
What are the types of dressing to be used in athletic environment
- occlusive dressing
- hydrocolloid dressing
Explain occlusive dressing
- Seal from air, fluids, and contaminants
- immediate control of cleanliness and loss of blood (prevents cross-contamination)
Explain hydrocolloid dressing
- tx of mildly exuding wounds
- flexible: difficult-to-dress areas
When should you double gloves?
Severe bleeding and use of sharp instruments
