Sport Psychology: Self Efficacy Flashcards
What is confidence in sport?
A belief in your ability to master a specific situation
What is confidence based on according to Vealey?
. Personality
. Experience
. Situation
What is personality based off?
Your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation
What is experience based off?
Your amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in future
What is situation based off?
Playing at home or away
What is interaction?
The combination of the situational and personality factors that decide the level of achievement motivation
What are the two types of confidence?
Trait confidence and State confidence
What are the characteristics of trait confidence?
It is consistent, innate confidence shown in most situations
What are the characteristics state confidence?
It is situation specific. It is temporary and can vary depending on the interaction of experience and personality
What is trait confidence?
The belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports
What is state confidence?
The belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment
What is self-efficacy?
A belief in the ability to master a sporting situation
What does high self-efficacy do?
It increases task persistence and motivation
According to Bandura, what 4 factors affect confidence in any situation?
Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experience
Verbal persuasion
Emotional arousal
What are performance accomplishments?
What you have done before
What is vicarious experience?
Seeing others (models) do it. Most effective if of a similar ability - allows modelling and copying to occur
What is verbal persuasion?
Reinforcement and encouragement. Most effective from significant others
What is emotional arousal?
Your interpretation of your level of anxiety. Cognitive or somatic symptoms
* a perception of the effects of anxiety on performance*
How can you improve performance accomplishments.
. Set realistic/attainable goals, develop when required
. Allow success in training (early)
. Set goals on performance not outcome
. Point out past successful performances
How can you improve vicarious experience?
. Show accurate demonstrations using attainable role models
. Allow modelling/copying to occur
. Build confidence by seeing a successful performance -> better if performer is of similar ability
How can you improve verbal persuasion?
. Avoid social comparison
. Coach one on one
. Use rewards
. Give reinforcement and praise
. Give support and encouragement
. Attribute success internally - to athlete
How can you improve emotional arousal?
. Stress management techniques to control arousal
. Use mental practice, visualisation or imagery
. Some factors can fit in other boxes
What are the positives for a home team?
+ home crowd support and encouragement
+ familiar environment leads to optimal arousal
+ support increases confidence
+ support increased motivation
+ social facilitation
+ functional assertive behaviour
+ can lead to more attacking fluent play and more wins
+ home crowd pressures away team
+ no tiredness from travelling
+ more success at home
What are negatives for a home team?
- can ‘choke’ -> increased pressure and expectation raises anxiety and decreases performance
- social inhibition
- evaluation apprehension
- players put pressure on themselves due to being at home
What are negatives to away team?
- increased anxiety due to crowd hostility
- less effective play due to proximity/hostility of the crowd
- more fouls
- social inhibition
- away team motivated to defend
- away team commit more fouls
