Sport Psychology - Group Cohesion Flashcards

1
Q

Define cohesion

A

Forces acting to keep members of a team within the group integrated and focused

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2
Q

What are the types of cohesion

A
  • task
  • social
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3
Q

Task cohesion is focused on…

A

The results/outcomes

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4
Q

Social cohesion is focused on…..

A

The team working together

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5
Q

Define interaction

A

Everyone completing different roles but having to integrate them all together

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6
Q

Define co-action

A

Everyone completes the task at the same time but separately - e.g. rowing

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7
Q

What is carrons antecedents

A
  • the factors that may affect cohesion
  • can be: Environmental, Personal, Team and Leadership factors
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8
Q

What do environmental factors refer to

A
  • age
  • contractual obligation
  • time spent as group
  • size of the group
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9
Q

What does personal factors refer to

A
  • aspirations
  • work ethic
  • opinions
  • happiness
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10
Q

What does leadership factors refer to

A
  • leadership style (autocratic, democratic, laissez faire etc.)
  • the leaders relationship with teammates
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11
Q

What do team factors refer to

A
  • team ability
  • shared experience
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12
Q

What is cohesion affected by

A
  • unequal pay
  • size of the group
  • likelihood of future success
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13
Q

Lack of cohesion is caused by

A
  • poor tactics
  • social loafing
  • misunderstanding of roles
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14
Q

What is Steiner’s Model

A

Actual Productivity = Potential Productivity - Faulty Process

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15
Q

What does actual productivity refer to

A

The performance of the team in the game

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16
Q

What does potential productivity refer to

A

The groups best performance when at optimal cohesiveness

17
Q

What does faulty process refer to

A

Factors that could go wrong and reduce cohesiveness

18
Q

Faulty processes could be

A
  • coordination problems (poor tactics, poor communication)
  • motivational problems (Ringelmann effect, social loafing)
19
Q

What is the ringelmann effect

A

When group performance decreases when the group size increases

20
Q

Define social loafing

A

Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised

21
Q

What causes social loafing

A
  • lack of fitness
  • poor leadership
  • high state/trait anxiety
  • social inhibition
22
Q

How do you avoid social loafing

A
  • encouraging group identity (sense of belonging motivation increases etc.)
  • use statistics tell and/or punish social loafing
  • praise rewarding behaviour
  • develop social cohesion