Skiill Acquisition - Memory Models Flashcards
How many pieces of information can the short-term sensory store hold?
Unlimited
How long can the short-term sensory store hold information for?
1 Second
What does the short-term sensory store receive?
Stimuli from the environment
What process takes place in the short-term sensory store?
Selective attention
What is selective attention?
Blocking out irrelevant information and focusing on relevant information
What is the benefit of selective attention?
It speeds up decision making and prevents information overload
Give 3 ways a coach can improve selective attention…
Increase the intensity of the stimuli
Slow down the stimuli to give more time to react
Speed the stimuli back up to make it more realistic
Use key cues
Practice with distractions
DCR stands for…
Detection, comparison, recognition
How much information can the short-term memory hold?
5-9 pieces
How long can the short-term memory hold information for?
Up to 30 seconds
What does the short-term memory receive from the STSS?
Relevant information
Which process takes place in the short-term memory?
Decision making
What does decision making mean?
Choosing a relevant motor programme
What does the short-term memory receive from the long-term memory?
Relevant motor programmes
What does the short-term memory do with motor programmes
Initiates them
What does initiating a motor programme mean?
Sending nerve impulses to the relevant muscles
How much information can the long-term memory hold?
Unlimited
How long can the long-term memory hold information for
An unlimited amount of time
What 2 things does the long-term memory store?
Relevant information
Motor programmes
Where does the long-term memory send motor programmes?
Back to the short-term memory
Give 3 ways that the retention of newly learnt information can be improved.
Making information relevant by using key cues
Chunk and chain information
Practice frequently
Use appropriate guidance
Make training fun and enjoyable
Positive reinforcemen
What are the 3 central mechanisms of Whiting’s Model of Information Processing?
Perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanism
Which key process occurs in the perceptual mechanism?
Selective attention
Which key process takes place in the translatory mechanism?
Decision making
Which key process takes place in the effector mechanism?
Initiation of motor programmes
Is a recall schema before or after a movement?
Before
Name the 2 processes of the recall schema
Initial conditions and response specification
In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain initial conditions
Using knowledge of the environment
In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response specification
Making a decision based on initial conditions
Does a recognition schema take place before or after a movement?
After
Outline the 2 processes in a recognition schema
Sensory consequences and response outcome
In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain sensory consequences
Involves knowledge of performance, where the performer receives feedback based on the success of the movement
In Schmidt’s schema theory, explain response outcome
Involves knowledge of results
Define the term reaction time
The time taken from the start of the stimulus to the start of the movement
Give an example of reaction time for a 100m runner.
From the start of the gunshot to the start of pushing off the blocks
Define the term movement time
From the start of the movement to the end of the movement
Give an example of movement time for a 100m runner
From the start of pushing off the blocks to the end of the race
Define the term response time
From the start of the stimulus to the end of the movement
Give an example of response time for a 100m runner
From the start of the gunshot to the end of the race
Outline the relationship between reaction time, movement time and response time
Reaction time + movement time = response time
What does Hick’s Law state?
As the number of possible responses increases, response time becomes slower
According to the single channel hypothesis, how many stimuli can be processed at a time?
One
The time delay caused by the single channel hypothesis is known as…
The psychological refractory period
The psychological refractory period causes…
A delayed/slower response time
Define spatial anticipation
Predicting what is going to happen
Define temporal anticipation
Predicting when something is going to happen
