Skill Acquisition - Skill and Transfer Flashcards
Identify the characteristics of skill
Consistent
Aesthetically Pleasing
Goal Directed
Learned
Adaptable
Fluent
Accurate
Co-Ordinated
Economical
Apply ‘consistent’ to a sporting example
The skill is performed repeatedly with few mistakes
e.g. A basketballer achieving a high percentage rate of success in a series of free throws
Apply ‘aesthetically pleasing’ to a sporting example
This means it looks good. Skill is performed with grace and elegance where movements are smooth and controlled
e.g. A footballer running with the ball looks graceful and controlled
Apply ‘goal directed’ to a sporting example
This means that the skill has an aim; it has a pre-determined result.
e.g. a javelin thrower knows what the perfect technique looks like; what he is trying to achieve
Apply ‘learned’ to a sporting example
You are not born able to perform skills, they need to be practiced and perfected over time.
e.g. A swimmer perfects the butterfly technique over time
Apply ‘adaptable’ to a sporting example
The environment is constantly changing in games and so movements have to be continuallyadapted.
e.g. A badminton player must adapt the technique of the smash to direct the shuttle to different parts of the court.
Apply ‘fluent’ to a sporting example
The skill involves good technique where movement is coordinated and smooth.
e.g. a gymnast coordinating movements on the floor must be controlled and fluent
Apply ‘accurate’ to a sporting example
The skill is performed with correct technique
e.g. A penalty taker strikes the ball correctly and hits the target
Apply ‘co-ordinated’ to a sporting example
A skilled performance can be executed with composure and control with all the sub-routines linked together.
e.g. During a 10m high dive, the take off, tuck and kick out are linked together correctly so the diver has minimal splash on entry.
Apply ‘economical’ to a sporting example
The skill is produced effortlessly with minimal use of energy whilst still being successful.
E.g. A sprinter with an efficient technique will conserve energy throughout the race
An open skill is…
Where the environment is unpredictable and changes frequently
A closed skill is….
Where the environment is predictable and unchanging
Is dribbling in open play in basketball an open or closed skill?
Open skill
Is a serve in tennis an example of an open skill or a closed skill?
Closed skill
A gross skill involves…
Large muscles groups and movements that are not precise
A fine skill involves….
Small muscle groups and a high degree of hand eye coordination
A golf putt and archery are examples of what type of skill?
Fine skills
A self-paced skill is…
Where the performer controls when the action is performed
An externally-paced skill is…
Where the performer does not control when the action is performed
Is a corner kick in football a self-paced or externally paced skill?
Self-paced
Define a discrete skill
There is a clear beginning and end
Define a serial skill
A series of linked discrete skills
Define a continuous skill
There is no clear beginning or end
Define a high organisation skill
The movement can NOT be easily broken down into sub-routines
Define a low organisation skill
The movement can be easily broken down into sub-routines
A simple skill….
Involves limited decision making
A complex skill….
Involves many decisions and a high level of information processing
Transfer is…
the effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another skill.
Positive transfer is when
The learning of one skill enhances the learning of another.
What are 2 reasons why positive transfer occurs?
They involve the same actions and movements.
They involve the same decision-making components.
Negative transfer is when…
The learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill
Why does negative transfer occur?
Because skills appear to be similar but are slightly different.
Zero transfer is when…
The learning of one skill has no effect on the learning of another skill
When does zero transfer occur?
When the two skills have no similarities and are completely different
Bi-lateral transfer is when…
The learning of a skill on one side of the body benefits the learning of a skill on the other side of the body (limb to limb)
