Sport Psychology - Aggression Flashcards
Define Aggression
The intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour
Define Assertion
A forceful act within the rules
‘No intent to harm but injury may happen’ Aggression or Assertion?
Assertion
Name the 4 theories that explain how aggression is caused
Instinct Theory
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Aggressive Cue Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory
What is Instinct Theory
States that aggression is spontaneous and innate
What effect is created when aggression is released
Cathartic effect
What is Displacement Theory
Individuals will wait for an acceptable time to be aggressive e.g. sport
State 1 AO3 point supporting instinct theory
Sport is an outlet for aggression that could surface in a different situation
Catharsis is a benefit of playing competitive games
State 1 AO3 point against instinct theory
Not all aggression is reactive and spontaneous – it is learned and pre intended
Rather than experience catharsis, some players increase aggression during a game and can display aggression when not playing
What is the Frustration-Aggression hypothesis
States that when goals are blocked frustration occurs, which then leads to aggression
Give an example of the frustration aggression hypothesis
A player who is fouled in a game of football when about to run through towards goal might immediately retaliate and push the player who fouled him.
Blocked goals lead to what
Frustration
Frustration leads to what
Aggression
What happens if an individual is unable to release there aggressive drive
Even more frustration will lead to a higher aggressive drive.
Give 1 AO3 point for evaluating the frustration aggression hypothesis
Not all frustration leads to aggression
Some players are good at controlling their emotions
Not all aggression is the result of frustration
No allowance for situation / environment
Define catharsis
A term for letting of steam or a cleansing of the emotions
Name 2 causes of frustration
Losing
Poor play by you
Poor play by a teammate
Disagreement with a referee
Hostile crowd
Pressure of success
High pressure game
Being fouled
What is the Aggressive Cue hypothesis
Frustration builds but aggression only released when socially desirable cue present
Give an example of an aggressive cue
Coaches instructions
Sporting venue
Sporting Equipment
Other People
What is social learning theory (Aggression)
suggests aggressive behaviour is observed and copied from others
Who does social learning theory state aggression is learned from
Role models or significant others
State 2 strategies a player could use to prevent / reduce aggression
Walk away
Channel the aggression
Use relaxation techniques
Apply peer group pressure
Set non aggressive goals
State 2 strategies a coach could use to prevent / reduce aggression
Punish players e.g. fines
Reinforce nonaggressive acts
Encourage group peer pressure
Substitute players
Talk to players to calm them own
State 2 strategies an official could use to prevent / reduce aggression
Punish players e.g. send off
Apply the rules consistently
Talk to players to calm them down
Give immediate sanctions
