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PE Year 13 > Sport Psychology > Flashcards

Sport Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an attitude ?

A

An enduring evaluation, positive or negative of people, objects and ideas.

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2
Q

What are 3 characteristics of an attitude ?

A

Learned
Unstable
Can be changed/controlled

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3
Q

What are attitudes influenced by ?

A

Coaches
Parents
Peers
Media
Past experiences
Prejudice

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4
Q

What causes a negative attitude ?

A

Negative role models
Low status of activity
Previous criticism
Fear of failure
Previous poor performance
Personal constraints

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5
Q

Where do attitudes come from ?

A

Learning
Familiarity
Classic conditioning
Operant conditioning
Socialisation
Peers

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6
Q

What is classic conditioning ?

A

Association of activity with response forms an attitude

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7
Q

What is operant conditioning ?

A

Positive rewards and reinforcement influence a positive attitude

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8
Q

What is cognitive dissonance theory ?

A

Attempt to restore harmony caused by 2 opposing ideas, reduced by changing 1 area of Triadic model

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9
Q

What 3 areas make up the triadic model of attitudes ?

A

Cognitive
Affective
Behavioural

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10
Q

What are the 4 e;events of the persuasive communication theory ?

A

Persuader
Message
Recipient
Situation

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11
Q

How are attitudes measured ?

A

Observation
Likert questionnaires
Osgoods semantic differential scale
Thurstone scales

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12
Q

What is aggression ?

A

Any behaviour that is intended to harm another individual by physical or verbal means

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13
Q

What is hostile aggression ?

A

Intention to harm outside the rules, often as an emotional response

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14
Q

What is channelled aggression ?

A

Aggression that intends to harm as a means to another goal.

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15
Q

What is assertive behaviour ?

A

The use of physical force that is within the rules and is legitimate.

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16
Q

What is instinct theory ?

A

Aggression is innate and you are born with aggressive traits.

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17
Q

What does social learning theory suggest in terms or aggression ?

A

It is nurtured through environmental factors, it is not biological based.

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18
Q

What does frustration aggression hypothesis ?

A

Frustration develops when goal directed behaviour is blocked

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19
Q

What is the cathartic effect ?

A

Release of built up aggression through harmless channels

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20
Q

What is deindividualisation ?

A

A loss of personal responsibility when in a group environment

21
Q

What does cue arousal theory suggest ?

A

Frustration leads to an increase in arousal and possible aggression

22
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

The positive affect of the presence of others on performance

23
Q

What is social inhibition ?

A

The negative affect of the presence of others on performance

24
Q

What is self presentation theory ?

A

The process by which individual represent themselves to the social world

25
Q

What is the proximity affect ?

A

Idea that the location of the audience in relation to the performer is an important factor in social facilitation

26
Q

What is home field advantage ?

A

Large supportive home crowds provide advantage to the home team

27
Q

What are the 6 I’s in group dynamics ?

A

Interaction
Interdependence
Identity
Identical
Independence
Interpersonal relationships

28
Q

How to groups become teams ?

A

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

29
Q

What is Steiner model ?

A

Actual productivity= Potential productivity- Losses due to faulty processes

30
Q

What is the Ringlemann affect ?

A

When group size increases individual productivity decreases

31
Q

What is social loafing ?

A

When a group member does not give 100% in a group situation due to loss of motivation

32
Q

What is group cohesion ?

A

The extent to which a group sticks together in pursuit of a common goal

33
Q

What is task cohesion ?

A

The way team members work together to successfully complete a task

34
Q

What is social cohesion ?

A

Personal relationship within a group

35
Q

What 4 factors affect cohesion ?

A

Environmental
Personal
Leaderships
Team

36
Q

What are the 2 ways a leader is selected ?

A

Prescribed and emergent

37
Q

What is a prescribed leader ?

A

Appointed by an outside source or authority

38
Q

What is an emergent leader ?

A

Assumes control from within a group by gaining respect and support

39
Q

What are the 3 leadership styles ?

A

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez faire

40
Q

What is an autocratic leadership style ?

A

Leader makes decisions
Complete tasks quickly and effectively
Does not share responsibility

41
Q

What is a democratic leadership style ?

A

Personal orientated
Decisions and responsibilities shared with the group
Builds interpersonal relationships

42
Q

What is a Laissez Faire leadership style ?

A

Group makes all decisions
Leader acts as consultant
Poor group cohesion

43
Q

What does Fiedlers contingency model suggest ?

A

Correct style of leadership is dependent on how favourable the situation is

44
Q

What is Chelladurai’s Multi Dimensional Model of leadership ?

A

In order to achieve group performance and satisfaction the actual behaviour of the leader must match the required behaviour of the situation and the preferred behaviour of the members.

45
Q

What is Weiners Attribution theory ?

A

The reasons a coach or player gives for their successes or failure in sport

46
Q

What are the 4 areas of Weiners Attribution theory model ?

A

Ability
Task difficulty
Luck
Effort

47
Q

What is self serving bias ?

A

The use of attribution to protect self esteem and confidence

48
Q

What is learned helplessness ?

A

A state of mind where the performer believes failure is inevitable
No control over the situation
General and specific

49
Q

What is attribution retraining ?

A

Changing attributions from negative to positive and increasing levels of motivation

PE Year 13 (4 decks)

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