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PE Year 13 > Excercise Physiology > Flashcards

Excercise Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary circulation ?

A

Cardiovascular response that pumps blood between the heart and lungs

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2
Q

What is systemic circulation ?

A

Cardiovascular response that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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3
Q

What are the immediate cardiovascular responses to exercise ?

A

Increased : Heart rate
Blood pressure
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Vascular shunt to working muscles

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4
Q

What is cardiac output ?

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

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5
Q

What is stroke volume ?

A

The amount of blood ejected out of the left ventricle per heart beat

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6
Q

What is heart rate ?

A

Beats per minute

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7
Q

What is ejection fraction ?

A

% of blood ejected out of the left ventricle per heart beat

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8
Q

What is the frank starling mechanism ?

A

Stroke volume increases in response to an increase in volume of blood filling the heart

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9
Q

What is diastole ?

A

When the heart relaxes, chambers open, atria fills with blood and pressure increases

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10
Q

What is systole ?

A

When the heart contracts and blood is ejected

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11
Q

What is atrial systole ?

A

When both atria contract and blood is forced into ventricles

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12
Q

What is ventricular systole ?

A

When the ventricles contract sending blood to the lungs and around the body

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13
Q

What is the vascular shunt mechanism ?

A

When blood flow is restricted and redirected via vasodilation and vasoconstriction to areas of the body that require more blood.

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14
Q

What is vasodilation ?

A

When the lumen widens, blood flow and oxygen delivery to working muscles increases, blood vessels near skin open to allow heat to escape and regulate body temperature.

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15
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

When the lumen narrows, blood flow and oxygen delivery decreases, blood vessels near skin close to keep heat in and blood is redirected to other body parts

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16
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect ?

A

An increase in carbon dioxide

17
Q

What do baroreceptors detect ?

A

Increase in blood pressure

18
Q

What do proprioceptors detect ?

A

Increase in muscle movement

19
Q

What do thermoreceptors detect ?

A

Increase in body temperature

20
Q

What does hormone control do ?

A

Releases adrenaline into the blood stream from kidneys

21
Q

What is tidal volume ?

A

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with every breath

22
Q

What is breathing frequency ?

A

Number of breaths per minute

23
Q

What is minute ventilation ?

A

Volume of air breathed in or out each minute

24
Q

What are the mechanics of breathing controlled by ?

A

Respiratory control centre with the Medulla Oblongata

25
Q

What is diffusion in gaseous exchange ?

A

Movement of gases from high to low pressure

26
Q

What are the muscular skeletal adaptations to aerobic exercise ?

A

Muscle hypertrophy, increased number of capillaries around muscles, more mitochondria in muscle cells, increased amount of myoglobin, increased slow twitch muscle fibre efficiency

27
Q

What are the adaptations of bones and joints for aerobic exercise ?

A

Increased bone strength, increased flexibility and strength of tendons and ligaments, increased synovial fluid in joints

28
Q

What are the cardio-respiratory adaptations in relation to long term excercise ?

A

Increased capillarisation of lungs, stronger diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increased tidal volume and minute frequency.

29
Q

What are the cardiovascular adaptations in relation to aerobic exercise ?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy, larger ventricle capacity, reduced resting heart rate, increased cardiac output, more efficient vasoconstriction/vasodilation, increased number of red blood cells

30
Q

How do aerobic adaptations affect sporting performance?

A

More oxygen to working muscles, greater VO2 max, raised anaerobic threshold, faster recovery and faster re saturation of myoglobin stores

31
Q

What are the long term adaptations to the ATP-PC system ?

A

Muscle hypertrophy, increased CP stores in muscles, development of type 2b fibres, greater utilisation of type 2a fibres, stronger bones/muscles/tendons, improved neural response system

32
Q

What are the long term adaptations to the anaerobic system ?

A

Greater lactic acid tolerance and increased muscle glycogen stores

PE Year 13 (4 decks)

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