Excercise Physiology

Question 1

What is pulmonary circulation ?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular response that pumps blood between the heart and lungs

Question 2

What is systemic circulation ?

Answer 2

Cardiovascular response that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 3

What are the immediate cardiovascular responses to exercise ?

Answer 3

Increased : Heart rate
Blood pressure
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Vascular shunt to working muscles

Question 4

What is cardiac output ?

Answer 4

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Question 5

What is stroke volume ?

Answer 5

The amount of blood ejected out of the left ventricle per heart beat

Question 6

What is heart rate ?

Answer 6

Beats per minute

Question 7

What is ejection fraction ?

Answer 7

% of blood ejected out of the left ventricle per heart beat

Question 8

What is the frank starling mechanism ?

Answer 8

Stroke volume increases in response to an increase in volume of blood filling the heart

Question 9

What is diastole ?

Answer 9

When the heart relaxes, chambers open, atria fills with blood and pressure increases

Question 10

What is systole ?

Answer 10

When the heart contracts and blood is ejected

Question 11

What is atrial systole ?

Answer 11

When both atria contract and blood is forced into ventricles

Question 12

What is ventricular systole ?

Answer 12

When the ventricles contract sending blood to the lungs and around the body

Question 13

What is the vascular shunt mechanism ?

Answer 13

When blood flow is restricted and redirected via vasodilation and vasoconstriction to areas of the body that require more blood.

Question 14

What is vasodilation ?

Answer 14

When the lumen widens, blood flow and oxygen delivery to working muscles increases, blood vessels near skin open to allow heat to escape and regulate body temperature.

Question 15

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 15

When the lumen narrows, blood flow and oxygen delivery decreases, blood vessels near skin close to keep heat in and blood is redirected to other body parts

Question 16

What do chemoreceptors detect ?

Answer 16

An increase in carbon dioxide

Question 17

What do baroreceptors detect ?

Answer 17

Increase in blood pressure

Question 18

What do proprioceptors detect ?

Answer 18

Increase in muscle movement

Question 19

What do thermoreceptors detect ?

Answer 19

Increase in body temperature

Question 20

What does hormone control do ?

Answer 20

Releases adrenaline into the blood stream from kidneys

Question 21

What is tidal volume ?

Answer 21

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled with every breath

Question 22

What is breathing frequency ?

Answer 22

Number of breaths per minute

Question 23

What is minute ventilation ?

Answer 23

Volume of air breathed in or out each minute

Question 24

What are the mechanics of breathing controlled by ?

Answer 24

Respiratory control centre with the Medulla Oblongata

Question 25

What is diffusion in gaseous exchange ?

Answer 25

Movement of gases from high to low pressure

Question 26

What are the muscular skeletal adaptations to aerobic exercise ?

Answer 26

Muscle hypertrophy, increased number of capillaries around muscles, more mitochondria in muscle cells, increased amount of myoglobin, increased slow twitch muscle fibre efficiency

Question 27

What are the adaptations of bones and joints for aerobic exercise ?

Answer 27

Increased bone strength, increased flexibility and strength of tendons and ligaments, increased synovial fluid in joints

Question 28

What are the cardio-respiratory adaptations in relation to long term excercise ?

Answer 28

Increased capillarisation of lungs, stronger diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increased tidal volume and minute frequency.

Question 29

What are the cardiovascular adaptations in relation to aerobic exercise ?

Answer 29

Cardiac hypertrophy, larger ventricle capacity, reduced resting heart rate, increased cardiac output, more efficient vasoconstriction/vasodilation, increased number of red blood cells

Question 30

How do aerobic adaptations affect sporting performance?

Answer 30

More oxygen to working muscles, greater VO2 max, raised anaerobic threshold, faster recovery and faster re saturation of myoglobin stores

Question 31

What are the long term adaptations to the ATP-PC system ?

Answer 31

Muscle hypertrophy, increased CP stores in muscles, development of type 2b fibres, greater utilisation of type 2a fibres, stronger bones/muscles/tendons, improved neural response system

Question 32

What are the long term adaptations to the anaerobic system ?

Answer 32

Greater lactic acid tolerance and increased muscle glycogen stores