Skill Acquisition

Question 1

What does an information processing model explain ?

Answer 1

How a skill is performed physically

Question 2

What senses are used by a performer ?

Answer 2

Touch
Vision
Hearing

Question 3

What is input ?

Answer 3

Team mates
Opposition
Crowd
Weather
Pass type

Question 4

What is selective attention ?

Answer 4

Filtering out relevant information and only focusing on that

Question 5

What are the 2 information processing models ?

Answer 5

Welford and Whitings

Question 6

What are the 8 stages of the Welford model ?

Answer 6

Display
Sense organs
Perceptual mechanism
Effector mechanism
Muscular systems
Response
Intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback

Question 7

What goes on in the perceptual mechanism stage ?

Answer 7

Selective attention and decision making

Question 8

What are the 7 stages of the Whitings model ?

Answer 8

Input
Receptor systems
Perceptual mechanisms
Translators mechanisms
Effector mechanisms
Muscular systems
Feedback

Question 9

What is the short term sensory store ?

Answer 9

Where an unlimited amount of information is held for 1 second
Passes information to selective attention for filtering

Question 10

What is short term memory ?

Answer 10

Workplace
Holds 5 pieces of information for 1 minute
Limited capacity
Takes information to LTM
Takes information from LTM to muscles

Question 11

What is long term memory ?

Answer 11

Holds unlimited number of motor programmes and subroutines

Question 12

What is reaction time ?

Answer 12

Time taken to react to a stimulus

Question 13

What is movement time ?

Answer 13

Time from start to end of movement

Question 14

What is response time ?

Answer 14

Reaction time + Movement time

Question 15

What does Hicks law state ?

Answer 15

Reaction time increases in a linear fashion as number of possible responses increases

Question 16

What is simple reaction time ?

Answer 16

1 stimulus to react to

Question 17

What is choice reaction time ?

Answer 17

Several stimuli to react to

Question 18

How can response time be improved ?

Answer 18

Anticipation
Stimulus intensity
Experience
Selective attention
Caffeine
Warm up

Question 19

What is the psychological refractory period ?

Answer 19

Idea that humans can only process 1 piece of information at a time so if a 2nd stimulus if given quickly after 1st stimulus then athlete will still be responding to S1 = delayed response

Question 20

What is concurrent feedback ?

Answer 20

Feedback given during performance

Question 21

What is terminal feedback ?

Answer 21

Feedback given at the end of performance

Question 22

What should feedback be ?

Answer 22

Compared to previous performance
Clear
Concise
Accurate
Specific
Used to motivate, reinforce and inform

Question 23

What is knowledge of results ?

Answer 23

Information about outcome
Quantitive
Given by coach/score/time

Question 24

What is knowledge of performance ?

Answer 24

Information about the quality of a skill
Qualitative
From coach of internal senses

Question 25

What is intrinsic feedback ?

Answer 25

Information from your senses of how a skill felt

Question 26

What is extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 26

Information from outside such as a coach or score

Question 27

What does reinforcement help do ?

Answer 27

Strengthen the stimulus response bond to help long term memory storage

Question 28

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 28

Praising correct response with rewards
Strengthens SR bond

Question 29

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 29

Withdrawing criticism after correct response to strengthen SR bond
Use of criticism to stop incorrect response