Skill Acquisition Flashcards
What does an information processing model explain ?
How a skill is performed physically
What senses are used by a performer ?
Touch
Vision
Hearing
What is input ?
Team mates
Opposition
Crowd
Weather
Pass type
What is selective attention ?
Filtering out relevant information and only focusing on that
What are the 2 information processing models ?
Welford and Whitings
What are the 8 stages of the Welford model ?
Display
Sense organs
Perceptual mechanism
Effector mechanism
Muscular systems
Response
Intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback
What goes on in the perceptual mechanism stage ?
Selective attention and decision making
What are the 7 stages of the Whitings model ?
Input
Receptor systems
Perceptual mechanisms
Translators mechanisms
Effector mechanisms
Muscular systems
Feedback
What is the short term sensory store ?
Where an unlimited amount of information is held for 1 second
Passes information to selective attention for filtering
What is short term memory ?
Workplace
Holds 5 pieces of information for 1 minute
Limited capacity
Takes information to LTM
Takes information from LTM to muscles
What is long term memory ?
Holds unlimited number of motor programmes and subroutines
What is reaction time ?
Time taken to react to a stimulus
What is movement time ?
Time from start to end of movement
What is response time ?
Reaction time + Movement time
What does Hicks law state ?
Reaction time increases in a linear fashion as number of possible responses increases
What is simple reaction time ?
1 stimulus to react to
What is choice reaction time ?
Several stimuli to react to
How can response time be improved ?
Anticipation
Stimulus intensity
Experience
Selective attention
Caffeine
Warm up
What is the psychological refractory period ?
Idea that humans can only process 1 piece of information at a time so if a 2nd stimulus if given quickly after 1st stimulus then athlete will still be responding to S1 = delayed response
What is concurrent feedback ?
Feedback given during performance
What is terminal feedback ?
Feedback given at the end of performance
What should feedback be ?
Compared to previous performance
Clear
Concise
Accurate
Specific
Used to motivate, reinforce and inform
What is knowledge of results ?
Information about outcome
Quantitive
Given by coach/score/time
What is knowledge of performance ?
Information about the quality of a skill
Qualitative
From coach of internal senses
What is intrinsic feedback ?
Information from your senses of how a skill felt
What is extrinsic feedback ?
Information from outside such as a coach or score
What does reinforcement help do ?
Strengthen the stimulus response bond to help long term memory storage
What is positive reinforcement?
Praising correct response with rewards
Strengthens SR bond
What is negative reinforcement?
Withdrawing criticism after correct response to strengthen SR bond
Use of criticism to stop incorrect response
