Skill Acquisition Flashcards
What does an information processing model explain ?
How a skill is performed physically
What senses are used by a performer ?
Touch
Vision
Hearing
What is input ?
Team mates
Opposition
Crowd
Weather
Pass type
What is selective attention ?
Filtering out relevant information and only focusing on that
What are the 2 information processing models ?
Welford and Whitings
What are the 8 stages of the Welford model ?
Display
Sense organs
Perceptual mechanism
Effector mechanism
Muscular systems
Response
Intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback
What goes on in the perceptual mechanism stage ?
Selective attention and decision making
What are the 7 stages of the Whitings model ?
Input
Receptor systems
Perceptual mechanisms
Translators mechanisms
Effector mechanisms
Muscular systems
Feedback
What is the short term sensory store ?
Where an unlimited amount of information is held for 1 second
Passes information to selective attention for filtering
What is short term memory ?
Workplace
Holds 5 pieces of information for 1 minute
Limited capacity
Takes information to LTM
Takes information from LTM to muscles
What is long term memory ?
Holds unlimited number of motor programmes and subroutines
What is reaction time ?
Time taken to react to a stimulus
What is movement time ?
Time from start to end of movement
What is response time ?
Reaction time + Movement time
What does Hicks law state ?
Reaction time increases in a linear fashion as number of possible responses increases
What is simple reaction time ?
1 stimulus to react to
What is choice reaction time ?
Several stimuli to react to
How can response time be improved ?
Anticipation
Stimulus intensity
Experience
Selective attention
Caffeine
Warm up
What is the psychological refractory period ?
Idea that humans can only process 1 piece of information at a time so if a 2nd stimulus if given quickly after 1st stimulus then athlete will still be responding to S1 = delayed response
What is concurrent feedback ?
Feedback given during performance
What is terminal feedback ?
Feedback given at the end of performance
What should feedback be ?
Compared to previous performance
Clear
Concise
Accurate
Specific
Used to motivate, reinforce and inform
What is knowledge of results ?
Information about outcome
Quantitive
Given by coach/score/time
What is knowledge of performance ?
Information about the quality of a skill
Qualitative
From coach of internal senses
