Sport Psychology Flashcards
What are differences between skills and abilities?
skills are learnt and developed; they become consistent; they follow a technical model and can be mental
Abilities are inherited traits; stable characteristics; enduring
How can skills be classified?
as basic to complex
as open to closed
as self-paced to externally-paced
and as gross to fine
what are basic skills?
few decisions
learnt quickly
taught to beginners
What are complex skills?
many decisions
based on top of basic skills
time-consuming to learn
What are open skills?
unstable environment
environmental gameplay
adaptable skills
mostly externally-paced
What are closed skills?
stable environment
no environmental influence
mostly self-paced
What are self-paced skills?
start is controlled by performer
no environmental influence
What is an externally-paced skill?
start is controlled by environment
rate is controlled by environment
What are gross skills?
large scale movements
involves large muscle groups
power, strength, endurance
What are fine skills?
small scale precise movement
small muscle groups
accuracy, precision
What are characteristics of performance goals?
Comparison to oneself not others
technique based
performance indicators
completely controllable
usually short to medium term goals
What are characteristics of outcome goals?
judged by the end result
comparison to others
not directly controllable
usually long term goals
What does SMART stand for?
Specific
Measurable
Accepted (people should accept that the target
is worth their effort)
Realistic
Time-based
What is information processing?
the process of interpreting information from the environment and producing the most relevant movement in response
What is the order of the basic information processing model?
1) input (selective attention)
2) Decision making process
3) Output
What is feedback?
inputting the response in order to develop it
What are the 2 types of feedback?
intrinsic, extrinsic
What is intrinsic feedback?
feedback from performer themselves.
feeling of the skill
kinaesthetic (movement based)
adjustment
What is extrinsic feedback?
feedback from an outside source.
can be coaching points or strategy from coach
can be teammate feedback
environmental feedback
What is knowledge of results?
factual
what was the outcome
e.g. win or loss
What is knowledge of performance?
how well did performance go?
technique-based analysis
performance indicators for athlete
e.g. % success rate
What is positive feedback?
what was correct?
reinforcement
motivational
What is negative feedback?
information on errors
basis of improvement plans
What are the 4 types of guidance?
visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
What is visual guidance?
a video or demonstration for beginners to form a mental picture of skill
What are pros and cons of visual guidance?
simple, for beginners
lots of information in 1 go, accuracy of demo
What is verbal guidance?
instructions, coaching points
What are the pros and cons of verbal guidance?
specific, individualised
time-consuming, can lead to info overload
What is manual guidance?
physically guiding, tend to adjust performance, correcting technique
What are pros and cons of manual guidance?
good for beginners, provides kinaesthetic sense
requires permissions
What is mechanical guidance?
aids and objects that support performance (e.g. cones, harness, bowling machine)
What are pros and cons of mechanical guidance?
increases safety, increases confidence
can be expensive, performer can become reliant
