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GCSE Physical Education > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 bones in the arm?

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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2
Q

Which bone is at the top in the lower arm?

A

radius at the top, ulna at the bottom

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3
Q

What are the 3 major bones in the legs?

A

Femur, tibia, fibula

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4
Q

What protects the knee?

A

patella

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5
Q

Which is the bigger bone in the lower leg?

A

tibia is the big one, the fibula is the small one

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6
Q

Which bones join at the ankle joint?

A

tibia, fibula and talus

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7
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

gross movement

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8
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

femur

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9
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A

fine movement

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10
Q

What is an example of short bones

A

carpals and metacarpals

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11
Q

How do muscles attach to bone?

A

tendons attach muscles to bone

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12
Q

What are 2 types of joints?

A

hinge, ball and socket

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13
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A

protection

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14
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

ribs

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15
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A

support, protection, movement, shape, mineral storage, blood cell production

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16
Q

What is the function of the synovial capsule?

A

To enclose and protect the joint

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17
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

A

production of synovial fluid

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18
Q

What is the function of the synovial fluid?

A

lubricate the joint

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19
Q

What happens to synovial fluid when it is warmer?

A

it becomes more lubricating and allows the joint to move more easily and freely

20
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

They cushion the bones and protect the bones from rubbing against one another

21
Q

Where is the cartilage found?

A

at the end of the joint

22
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

to stablise joints

23
Q

What are bursae?

A

fluid filled sacs

24
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

Prevent damage to the bones

25
Q

What 2 bones join to make the shoulder joint?

A

scapula and humerus

26
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge

27
Q

What types of movement takes place at the ankle?

A

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

28
Q

What is the difference in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion?

A

plantar flexion is when the toes point away from the shin and dorsiflexion is when the toes point toward the shin

29
Q

What types of movements are possible at ball and socket joints?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

30
Q

What is the difference in adduction and abduction?

A

abduction is away from the midline of the body and adduction is toward the midline of the body

31
Q

Where do you find the sternocleidomastoid?

A

in the neck

32
Q

What are antagonistic pairs?

A

2 muscles which contract to produce opposite movements

33
Q

What are the 2 muscles in an antagonistic pair?

A

agonist, antagonist

34
Q

What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?

A

in a movement where one of the muscles in contracting, it is the agonist and the other muscle which is relaxing to allow the movement to take place is the antagonist.`

35
Q

What are the 2 main types of contractions?

A

isotonic and isometric

36
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

A contraction in which the muscle changes length

36
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

A contraction in which a muscle does not change length

37
Q

What are isometric contractions mostly used for?

A

Holding a position on balancing

38
Q

What are the two type of isotonic contractions?

A

concentric and eccentric

39
Q

what is a concentric contraction?

A

muscle shortening under tension

40
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A

muscle lengthens under tension

41
Q

What happens to the joint angle in a concentric contraction?

A

the joint angle decreases

42
Q

What happens to the insertion in a concentric contraction?

A

the insertion moves towards the origin

43
Q

What happens to the joint angle in eccentric contractions?

A

joint angle increases

44
Q

What happens to the insertion in an eccentric contraction?

A

the insertion moves away from the origin`

45
Q

What is the muscle acting as in an eccentric contraction?

A

a brake

46
Q
A

GCSE Physical Education (9 decks)

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