Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What are the 3 bones in the arm?
humerus, radius, ulna
Which bone is at the top in the lower arm?
radius at the top, ulna at the bottom
What are the 3 major bones in the legs?
Femur, tibia, fibula
What protects the knee?
patella
Which is the bigger bone in the lower leg?
tibia is the big one, the fibula is the small one
Which bones join at the ankle joint?
tibia, fibula and talus
What is the function of long bones?
gross movement
What is an example of a long bone?
femur
What is the function of short bones?
fine movement
What is an example of short bones
carpals and metacarpals
How do muscles attach to bone?
tendons attach muscles to bone
What are 2 types of joints?
hinge, ball and socket
What is the function of flat bones?
protection
What is an example of a flat bone?
ribs
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
support, protection, movement, shape, mineral storage, blood cell production
What is the function of the synovial capsule?
To enclose and protect the joint
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
production of synovial fluid
What is the function of the synovial fluid?
lubricate the joint
What happens to synovial fluid when it is warmer?
it becomes more lubricating and allows the joint to move more easily and freely
What is the function of cartilage?
They cushion the bones and protect the bones from rubbing against one another
Where is the cartilage found?
at the end of the joint
What is the function of ligaments?
to stablise joints
What are bursae?
fluid filled sacs
What is the function of bursae?
Prevent damage to the bones
What 2 bones join to make the shoulder joint?
scapula and humerus
What type of joint is the ankle?
hinge
What types of movement takes place at the ankle?
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
What is the difference in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion?
plantar flexion is when the toes point away from the shin and dorsiflexion is when the toes point toward the shin
What types of movements are possible at ball and socket joints?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
What is the difference in adduction and abduction?
abduction is away from the midline of the body and adduction is toward the midline of the body
Where do you find the sternocleidomastoid?
in the neck
What are antagonistic pairs?
2 muscles which contract to produce opposite movements
What are the 2 muscles in an antagonistic pair?
agonist, antagonist
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
in a movement where one of the muscles in contracting, it is the agonist and the other muscle which is relaxing to allow the movement to take place is the antagonist.`
What are the 2 main types of contractions?
isotonic and isometric
What is an isotonic contraction?
A contraction in which the muscle changes length
What is an isometric contraction?
A contraction in which a muscle does not change length
What are isometric contractions mostly used for?
Holding a position on balancing
What are the two type of isotonic contractions?
concentric and eccentric
what is a concentric contraction?
muscle shortening under tension
What is an eccentric contraction?
muscle lengthens under tension
What happens to the joint angle in a concentric contraction?
the joint angle decreases
What happens to the insertion in a concentric contraction?
the insertion moves towards the origin
What happens to the joint angle in eccentric contractions?
joint angle increases
What happens to the insertion in an eccentric contraction?
the insertion moves away from the origin`
What is the muscle acting as in an eccentric contraction?
a brake
