Movement Analysis

Question 1

What are the 3 planes?

Answer 1

sagittal, frontal, transverse

Question 1

Describe the sagittal plane and movement that takes place in it.

Answer 1

splits the body into left and right
flexion and extension

Question 2

Describe the frontal plane and movement that takes place in it.

Answer 2

splits the body into the front and back
abduction and adduction

Question 3

Describe the transverse plane and movement that takes place in it.

Answer 3

splits the body into top and bottom
rotation

Question 4

Which plane links with which axis?

Answer 4

sagittal plane - transverse axis
transverse plane - longitudinal axis
frontal plane - sagittal axis

Question 5

Give a sports example of a movement in each plane.

Answer 5

kicking a football (sagittal)
cartwheel (frontal)
changing direction when running (transverse)

Question 6

In a push up, what muscle is the agonist and how does it contract?

Answer 6

while going up triceps is the agonist and it contracts concentrically
while going down, triceps is still the agonist and eccentrically contracts

Question 7

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 7

muscle shortens while exerting a force

Question 8

What is an eccentric contraction?

Answer 8

muscle lengthens as it exerts a force

Question 9

What is the difference between an isotonic and isometric contraction?

Answer 9

in isotonic, the muscle either lengthens or shorts
in isometric the muscle stays the same length

Question 10

What are the 4 components to every lever?

Answer 10

a lever arm, an effort, a resistance/load, a fulcrum/pivot

Question 11

What helps us remember which lever class is which?

Answer 11

for 1 2 3 remember F L E
1st class - fulcrum in the middle
2nd class - load in the middle
3rd class - effort in the middle

Question 12

Give an example of a 1st class lever and describe the components within the lever system.

Answer 12

elbow extension
load on hand/forearm, elbow is fulcrum, triceps are effort

Question 13

Give an example of a 2nd class lever and describe the components within the lever system.

Answer 13

plantar flexion
load is body weight, effort is gastrocnemius, fulcrum is ball of foot

Question 14

Give an example of a 3rd class lever and describe the components within the lever system.

Answer 14

elbow flexion
elbow is fulcrum, bicep is effort, load is on forearm/hand

Question 15

How do you work out mechanical advantage?

Answer 15

effort arm / load arm

Question 16

Which lever class will usually have the highest mechanical advantage?

Answer 16

2nd class lever system

Question 17

What are pros and cons of higher mechanical advantage/

Answer 17

overcome larger loads, relatively little effort
limited speed, limited range of motion