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GCSE Physical Education > Structure and Function of the Cardio-respiratory System > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the Cardio-respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What journey does the air take when we breather in?

A

nasal cavity/mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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2
Q

What increases the efficiency of gaseous exchange?

A

high surface area
moist, thin walls
short distance for diffusion
lots of capillaries

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3
Q

What is inspiration and expiration?

A

breathing in and breathing out

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4
Q

What happens to the diaphragm in inspiration?

A

it contracts and increases the cavity

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5
Q

What do the intercostals do in inspiration?

A

contract and lift the ribs up to increase thoracic cavity.

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6
Q

what does the diaphragm and intercostals do in expiration?

A

they relax

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7
Q

What is different about expiration at rest and in exercise?

A

at rest it is passive as muscles are relaxing, at exercise muscles like the abdominals contract to force out air

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8
Q

when oxygen attaches to haemoglobin, what is it called?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

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8
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

the volume of air breathed in and out at rest

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8
Q

In exercise which additional muscles help in inspiration?

A

the pectorals and sternocleidomastoid

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9
Q

What happens to tidal volume at exercise?

A

it increases

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10
Q

What does IRV stand for?

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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11
Q

What is IRV?

A

the additional volume of air taken in when exercising

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12
Q

What does ERV stand for?

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

What is ERV?

A

the additional volume of air breathed out when exercising

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14
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

the volume of air left in our lungs after maximal breathing out

15
Q

Why is there a residual volume?

A

the alveoli would scrunch in and damage if there wasn’t that air

16
Q

What are the 3 blood vessels?

A

arteries, veins and capillaries

17
Q

Describe the structure of an artery.

A

thick, smooth muscle layer
smaller lumen than veins
elastic walls

18
Q

What is the function of the artery?

A

carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart

19
Q

What is the lumen?

A

the space within the blood vessel through which blood travels

20
Q

Describe the structure of veins.

A

thin muscle walls
larger lumen
valves

21
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure to the heart. They also prevent backflow of the blood

22
Q

Describe the structure of capillaries.

A

1 cell thick
surround tissues
between arteries and veins

23
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

gaseous exchange, removal of waste products

24
Q

What makes capillaries efficient for gaseous exchange?

A

they are one cell thick, making the diffusion distance small
there are many so lots of diffusion can take place
they are partially permeable
they have a large surface area

25
Q

What is the primary function of the heart?

A

to generate force to circulate blood

26
Q

What is systole?

A

the contraction of the heart where it empties itself of blood

27
Q

What is diastole?

A

the relaxation of the heart where it fills up with blood

28
Q

Which side of the heart is oxygenated and which is deoxygenated?

A

the right side has deoxygenated blood, and the left side has oxygenated blood

29
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood leaving the heart every time systole occurs

30
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70ml

31
Q

how do you work out cardiac output?

A

stroke volume x heart rate

32
Q

If my heart rate is 80 and my stroke volume is 60, what is my cardiac output?

A

80*60 = 4800ml = 4.8L

33
Q

If my heart rate is 100 and my cardiac output is 5.2L, what is my stroke volume?

A

52ml

34
Q

How do we increase cardiac output when exercising?

A

we increase our heart rate and stroke volume

35
Q
A

GCSE Physical Education (9 decks)

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