Sport Psychology

Question 1

Attitude

Answer 1

Predisposition made up of beliefs, feelings and behaviour

Question 2

Arousal

Answer 2

A physiological and psychological activation of a person that can be placed on a continuum

Question 3

Inverted-U Theory

Answer 3

Optimal point of arousal - ‘in the zone’

Too high/ too low has a negative effect on performance

Question 4

Drive Theory

Answer 4

Linear relationship between performance and arousal

Question 5

Catastrophe Theory

Answer 5

Involves a performer at a high level then ‘crashing down’ - chocking due to over arousal

Question 6

Somatic State Anxiety

Answer 6

Starts slow and increases a few hours before the event

Decreases in competition

Question 7

Cognitive State Anxiety

Answer 7

Increases days before the competition and fluctuate throughout

Question 8

Sports Specific Stressors

Answer 8

Frustration

Audience

Climate

Personal

Competition

Question 9

Stress

Answer 9

An imbalance between the demands of the environment and the individuals perception of their capability to meet those demands

Question 10

Cognitive Anxiety Strategies

Answer 10

Pre-performance game routines

Negative thought stopping

Visualisation techniques

Mediation

Mental prep

Positive self talk

Question 11

Somatic Anxiety Strategies

Answer 11

Bio feedback

Centring

Question 12

trait theory

Answer 12

being born with an innate personality

Question 13

esynecks theory

Answer 13

unstable- neurotic

introvert- extrovert

can be learnt or genetic

Question 14

interactionist persepctive

Answer 14

psychological core > typical response > role related behaviours

hollanders personality structure

Question 15

triadic model

Answer 15

to change attitude there are 3 factors

affective, behavioural and cognitive

Question 16

choking- anxiety

Answer 16

sudden impairment to sporting performance

Question 17

aggression

Answer 17

hostile

instrumental

reactive

channelled

Question 18

assertion

Answer 18

forceful behaviours within the rules of the game

Question 19

hostile aggression

Answer 19

refers to aggressive behaviours outside of the rules of the game with intent to harm

Question 20

reactive aggression

Answer 20

a reaction/ retaliation to an act during a match- outside of the rules with intent to harm

Question 21

instrumental aggression

Answer 21

inside rules of game, used to cause harm/ exploit weakness

Question 22

channelled aggression

Answer 22

no intent to harm

looking to establish authority within a game

Question 23

theories of aggression

Answer 23

aggressive cue hypothosis- frustration leads to increase in arousal but not immediate aggression, depends on aggressive cues

instinct theory- aggression is inherited and we are biologically determined to act aggressively , Nasser dominance

social learning theory- we learn aggression through observation and immitaiton

frustration aggression hypothosis- if goal is blocked, frustration occurs, leading to aggressive behaviour

Question 24

causes of aggression

Answer 24

nature of game

frustration

rivalry

reaction

underdeveloped moral reasoning

bracketed morality

Question 25

strategies to reduce aggression

Answer 25

punishments

rewards

implement stress management