Sport Psychology Flashcards
Attitude
Predisposition made up of beliefs, feelings and behaviour
Arousal
A physiological and psychological activation of a person that can be placed on a continuum
Inverted-U Theory
Optimal point of arousal - ‘in the zone’
Too high/ too low has a negative effect on performance
Drive Theory
Linear relationship between performance and arousal
Catastrophe Theory
Involves a performer at a high level then ‘crashing down’ - chocking due to over arousal
Somatic State Anxiety
Starts slow and increases a few hours before the event
Decreases in competition
Cognitive State Anxiety
Increases days before the competition and fluctuate throughout
Sports Specific Stressors
Frustration
Audience
Climate
Personal
Competition
Stress
An imbalance between the demands of the environment and the individuals perception of their capability to meet those demands
Cognitive Anxiety Strategies
Pre-performance game routines
Negative thought stopping
Visualisation techniques
Mediation
Mental prep
Positive self talk
Somatic Anxiety Strategies
Bio feedback
Centring
trait theory
being born with an innate personality
esynecks theory
unstable- neurotic
introvert- extrovert
can be learnt or genetic
interactionist persepctive
psychological core > typical response > role related behaviours
hollanders personality structure
triadic model
to change attitude there are 3 factors
affective, behavioural and cognitive
choking- anxiety
sudden impairment to sporting performance
aggression
hostile
instrumental
reactive
channelled
assertion
forceful behaviours within the rules of the game
hostile aggression
refers to aggressive behaviours outside of the rules of the game with intent to harm
reactive aggression
a reaction/ retaliation to an act during a match- outside of the rules with intent to harm
instrumental aggression
inside rules of game, used to cause harm/ exploit weakness
channelled aggression
no intent to harm
looking to establish authority within a game
theories of aggression
aggressive cue hypothosis- frustration leads to increase in arousal but not immediate aggression, depends on aggressive cues
instinct theory- aggression is inherited and we are biologically determined to act aggressively , Nasser dominance
social learning theory- we learn aggression through observation and immitaiton
frustration aggression hypothosis- if goal is blocked, frustration occurs, leading to aggressive behaviour
causes of aggression
nature of game
frustration
rivalry
reaction
underdeveloped moral reasoning
bracketed morality
strategies to reduce aggression
punishments
rewards
implement stress management
