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13C-PE > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

muscles in shoulder

A

pectorals

deltoids

latissimus dorsi

trapezius

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2
Q

muscles in hip

A

gluteals

hamstring

psoas major

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3
Q

muscles in elbow

A

bicep

tricep

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4
Q

muscles in leg and knee

A

quads

hamstring

gastrocnemius

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5
Q

muscles in ankle and foot

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

tibialis anterior

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6
Q

muscles in core

A

abdominals

latissimus dorsi

rectus

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7
Q

bones in shoulder

A

humerus

clavicle

scapula

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8
Q

bones in hip

A

pelvis

femur

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9
Q

bones in elbow

A

radius

ulna

humerus

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10
Q

bones in leg and knee

A

femur

patella

tibia

fibula

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11
Q

bones in ankle and foot

A

tibia

fibula

metatarsals

phalanges

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12
Q

bones in wrist and hand

A

radius

ulna

carpals

metacarpals

phalanges

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13
Q

bones in core

A

vertebral column

= cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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14
Q

movement at shoulder

A

horizontal flexion and extension

abduction

adduction

rotation

circumduction

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15
Q

movement at hip

A

flexion

extension

abduction

adduction

rotation

circumduction

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16
Q

movement at elbow

A

flexion

extension

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17
Q

moment at leg and knee

A

flexion

extention

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18
Q

movement at ankle and foot

A

plantar flexion

dorsi flexion

eversion

inversion

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19
Q

moment at core

A

rotation

flexion

extension

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20
Q

first class lever system

A

fulcrum in the middle

E.G: head and neck during neck extension

heading a ball during football

or elbow when engaging the tricep muscle in phases of a pressup

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21
Q

second class lever system

A

load in the middle

E.G: ankle area when plantar flexion, standing on toes

during gymnastics routine preparation

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22
Q

third class lever system

A

effort in the middle

E.G: bicep curl/ tennis

only when engaging bicep muscle

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23
Q

three stages of the stretch shortening cycle

A

eccentric- stretch phase

amortisation- isometric/ transitiional

concentric- muscle shortening phase

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24
Q

eccentric phase of ssc

A

preloading muscle groups whilst lengthening the muscle

elastic energy stored in the tendon is released

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25
amortisation phase of the ssc
the time between the other two phases must be kept short as energy stored in the eccentric phase dissipates heat, reducing power
26
concentric phase of the ssc
used to increase the force produced during movement
27
types of muscle contraction
concentric isometric eccentric
28
concentric contraction
muscle shortens
29
eccentric contraction
muscle lengthens
30
isometric contraction
muscle does not change as it is under constant tension
31
Newton's laws of motion
law of.. inertia acceleration action/reaction
32
law of inertia
every opbject wilol remain in a state of rest or unifrom motion unless and external force acts upon it
33
law of acceleration
f=ma the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the object
34
law of action/ reaction
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
35
centre of mass
base of support line pf gravity must be close to centre for stability
36
short term responses to exercise
increased HR mircrotears increased bl;ood supply increased muscle temperature increased lactate production
37
long term effects of exercise
muscular hypotrophy increased energy stores increased bone density increased tendon strength increased myoglobin stores
38
components of the respiratory system
nasal cavity - breathe in epiglottis- beneath the tongue, prevent food in airway pharynx- receives food larynx- voice box trachea- windpipe, filters dust bronchus- divides into the lungs bronchiolies- allow air flow lungs- alveoli- gaseous exchange diaphragm- moves for inspiration intercostal muscles- help ribcage breathe and relax capillaries
39
inspiration
intercostal muscles contract to elevate the ribs diaphragm contracts and flattens to increase thoracic cavity more air allowed in
40
expiration
intercostal muscles relax to lower the ribs the diaphragm relaxes and flattens to decrease thoracic cavity more air out
41
tidal volume
amount of air inspired/ expired normally at rest
42
inspiratory reserve volume
the amount of extra air that can be inhaled above the tidal volume after forceful inhalation
43
expiratory reserve volume
the amount of extra air that can be exhaled above the tidal volume after forceful exhalation
44
residual volume
volume of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
45
vital capacity
forceable breath out after maximal breath in
46
partial pressure
pressure that a gas exerts within a mix of gasses
47
slow twitch fibre 1
long-distance endurance activities contract slowly over a prolonged period of time high level of resistance to fatigue small in size mitochondrial density is high
48
fast twitch 2a
oxidative glycotic large fibre contract quickly suitable for sprint/ power and strength explosive movements
49
fast twitch 2x
suitable for explosive movements low level of O2 production
50
types of energy sources
protein- last resort of energy, in the aerobic system breaks down into amino acids and provided energy for prolonged periods - marathon fat- twice as much energy as protein, however can only be burned aerobically along with protein
51
role of ATP
ATP are molecules bonded together breaking these bonds releases energy - ADP + PC 2-3 sec of work then 1-3 mins resynetheis
52
ATP-PC system
1 atp formed for one mol glucose in sarcoplasm 8-10 sec 1-3 mins 100m sprint/ weightlifiting endothermic reaction reabsorbes the energy to create ATP
53
Anaerobic glycotic system
2 atp formed for one mol glucsose sarcoplasm fuel of glucose 1/2 mins 1 hour recovery (sped up by cool down) 400m sprint process of glycolosis turns glucose into pyruvate if phosophofruckinasise is added
54
Aerobic sytem
part of krebs cycle 36 atp in the presence of oxygen less than 90 sec 3 min recovery depending on intensity of exercise
55
energy continuum
the relative contribution of each energy system to am exercise performance
56
what causes fatigue
build-up of waste products dehydration
57
EPOC
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption amount of 02 that the body consumes during exercise that is in excess of pre-exercise oxygen consumption more 02 requires to resynthesize atp stores
58
alactic debt
fast replenishment to resynethise atp takes 1-3 min
59
lactacid debt
slow component but sped up with cool down flushes out waste products takes 1 hour
60
stages of recovery
thermoregulation through rehydration 48hr window of opportunity to replenish protein
61
benefits of warm up
prepares body for exercise increased body temp cappilaries dialate better blood flow increased bp
62
what is priming
high-intensity exercise before high-intensity activity- accelerates 02 uptake increases the responsiveness to the demands of exercise
63
carbohydrate loading
used prior to exercise maximise glycogen stores intense training 6-7 days before decrease exercise levels and increase carbs 3-4 days before stored in liver
64
electrolyte solutions
hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
65
hypertonic
HIGH - sugary more that 10% post exercisw after high intensity e.g marathon
66
hypotonic
LOWER - water 2-4% quickly replenishes fluids and less cho replacment max hydration
67
isotonic
similar osmolarity to body - 6-8% allows for quick absorption sports drinks w/ electrolites during exercise
68
supplements
creatine sodium bicarbonate caffine cherry juice vitamin d
69
creatine
performance enhancing replenishes atp helps decrease recovery time allows grreater levels of force/ intensity can lead to bloating
70
sodium bicarbonate
buffers the build-up of lactate when consumed in correct quantities if misused can cause nausea reduces blood acidity delays fatigue
71
sodium bicarbonate
buffers the build-up of lactate when consumed in correct quantities if misused can cause nausea reduces blood acidity delays fatigue

13C-PE (5 decks)

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