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Zoology > Sponges and placozoans > Flashcards

Sponges and placozoans Flashcards

Study for bio exam

1
Q

What are the animals sister taxa

A

Choanoflagellates
They are solitary or colonial organisms
They are most similar to the choanocytes found in sponges

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2
Q

What does benethic mean?

A

Bottom dwelling

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3
Q

What are commensals

A

Organism that live with others in beneficial to both way.

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4
Q

What are spicules

A

They are the ‘bone’ like structures found in sponges in endoskeleton

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5
Q

What are the different types of spicules

A

Silica and calcium

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6
Q

What is a dermal ostia

A

On the surface of the sponge a small pore like opening

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7
Q

What is pinacoderm in sponges

A

The outer most layer of cells

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of sponges body forms

A

Ascnoid
syconoid
Leuconnoid

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9
Q

What is the mesohyl

A

Gelatinous extracellular matrix

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10
Q

What are choanocytes

A

They are embedded in mesohyl, and create a water current for the sponge to filter feed

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11
Q

What are archaeocytes

A

Receive particle for digestion from choanocytes
Can differentiate into many other more specialized cell types

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12
Q

What are Sclerocytes

A

Secrete spicules

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13
Q

What are spongocytes

A

Secrete spongin

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14
Q

What are pinacocytes

A

Thin, flat, epithelial like cells
Covers the exterior and interior surfaces of sponges

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15
Q

What are the asexual ways a sponge can reproduce

A

Fragmentation
Bud formation

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16
Q

How do sponges sexually reproduce

A

sponges are both male and female, one sponge spews sperm into the water. Another uses it to fertilize internal eggs and gives live birth

17
Q

What are the 4 classes of sponges

A

Demospongiae
Calcispongiae
Hexactinellida
Homoscelromropha

18
Q

How do you define demospongiae

A

Leuconoid body form
Spicules if present, siliceous but not 6- rayed
Can also live in freshwater

19
Q

How do you define Calcispongiae

A

Spicules are calcium carbonate
Straight (monaxons) or 3-4 rays

20
Q

How do you define Hexactinellida

A

six-rayed spicules of silica bound forming a network

21
Q

how do you define Homoscleromorpha

A

Presence of true basement membrane under pinacodermm separates Homoscleromorpha from Demspongiae

22
Q

When did sponges show up in the fossil record

A

Before the Cambrian

Zoology (8 decks)

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