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Zoology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

Phyla, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthopods

1
Q

What organisms are in phylum Mollusca

A

Snails, nudibranchs, squids, clams

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2
Q

What are the three main body parts that make up a mollusc

A

Head/Foot region, Radula, and the mantle

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3
Q

What are the 8 classes of Mollusca

A

Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda

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4
Q

What is the radula

A

It is a common feature shared across Mollusca, it is a tongue like organ with sandpaper like teeth

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5
Q

What is the shell composition of the phylum Mollusca

A

The shells are made out of calcium carbonate

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6
Q

What are the main members of the Gastropoda class

A

Snail, limpets, abalones, conchs, sea angels, periwinkles, sea slug, sea hares

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7
Q

What are the main characteristics of the Gastropoda class

A

presence of a shell, foot, radula

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8
Q

What are the main reproduction strategies employed by the Gastropoda class

A

Most are hermaphrodites and perform internal fertilization with complex mating rituals.

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics of Bivalvia

A

Sessile, hinge jointed shell, filter feeders

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10
Q

What are the main members of Bivalvia

A

Mussels, clam, scallops, oyster, shipworms

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11
Q

What are the main reproduction strategies for Bivalvia

A

eggs are fertilized externally, free swimming larva have to settle on substrate to become adults

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12
Q

What are main characteristics Cephalopoda class

A

Complex anatomy, pen (heavily reduced ancestral shell)

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13
Q

What are the main members of the Cephalopoda class

A

squids, octopuses, nautiluses, devilfish, cuttlefish, ammonoids

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14
Q

Why are the members of the Cephalopoda class considered the smartest of the invertebrates

A

They have been able to solve very complex puzzles and have a very large brain for an invertebrate

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15
Q

What system of blood flow to Cephalopods have

A

They have a closed circulatory system with three hearts

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16
Q

What are the three class in Phylum Annelida

A

Oligochaeta - Earthworms
Hirundinida -Leeches
Polychaetes -Marine worms

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17
Q

What are the main characteristics in the phylum Annelida

A

There are no over arching feature to connect all the members of the phyla. But there are some common one bilateral, triploblastic development (real coelom) setae present.

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18
Q

What are the common characteristics of the Polychaetes

A

They are marine worms

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19
Q

What are the common characteristics of the Oligochaeteta

A

Mostly terrestrial worms. Small setae cover their bodies

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20
Q

What are the main characteristics of the clade Ecdysozoa

A

the clade is defined by having a cuticle, and molting said cuticle

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21
Q

What are tagmata in the arthropod phylum

A

Tagmata are separated or fused body parts of the phylum. Typically head, thorax and abdomen.

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22
Q

What is Ecydsis

A

It is the process of shedding the cuticle in Arthropods

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23
Q

What is the exoskeleton composed of

A

Chitin(polysaccharide), protein, lipid

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24
Q

What are the differences between Uniramous vs biramous

A

Uniarmous leg plans end in one point. Biarmous legs end in two points

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25
Q

What are mandibles and what class do they belong too

A

They are moving mouth parts made for chewing. They belong to the hexapods

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26
Q

What are Chelicera and what class do they belong too

A

They are mouth parts. They belong to the chelicerates

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27
Q

How is the phylum Nematoda defined

A

Triploblastic bilaterally symmetrical pseudocoelomates
Cylindrical in shape
Flexible with unique body wall muscles
Lack cilia

28
Q

How do nematods move

A

They move threw hydrostatic pressure that is built up in the pseudocoel of the worm

29
Q

What organs in the nematods take up most of their body

A

Their reproductive organs

30
Q

How is the sub-phylum Chelicerta defined

A

Two tagmata body plan
Four pairs of walking legs
no antennae
suck liquid food out of their prey

31
Q

What are the classes in Chelicerta

A

Pycnogonida (sea spider), Merostomata (horse shoe crab), Arachnids (spider, mites, tics, scorpions)

32
Q

How is the sub-phylum Myriapoda defined

A

2 pairs or 1 pair of legs on each body segment
pair of mandibles
pair of antennae
ocelli eyes
pair of malpighian tubules empty into the hind part of the intestine

33
Q

How is the sub-phylum hexapoda defined

A

6 legs all uniramous
3 body segments (tagmata)
appendages attach to head and thorax
abdominal appendages greatly reduced or lost

34
Q

What are the 2 classes within hexapoda

A

Entognatha -spring tails, Insecta- everything else

35
Q

What are the sclerites

A

The plates in hexapods exoskeleton

36
Q

What are the 3 major types of strategies used for development

A

1) Ametabolous (direct)
2)Demimetabolous (incomplete)
3)Holometabolous (complete)

37
Q

What are the two classes in Crustacea

A

Malacostraca (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, etc..), Brachiopoda (water fleas, etc…)

37
Q

How is the sub-phlyum crustacea defined

A

Two pairs of antennae
one pair of mandibles
one pair of apendages on each segment
biarmous leg plan

38
Q

What is the operculum

A

A hard part of a gastropod’s body that is used to completely seal the creature into its shell.

39
Q

What are their larva considered (Mollusca)

A

Trochophore free swimming larva

40
Q

Which class in Mollusca does not have radulas

A

Bivalvia they filter feed on their gills

41
Q

What is the umbo in the bivalves

A

The umbo is the oldest part of the shell

42
Q

What is the pen in squids

A

The pen is the reduced shell from having shelled ancestors

43
Q

Why is the current taxonomy of Annelida debated

A

Their is none unifying characteristics to link all organism in the phylum together.

44
Q

What are the commony know members of each of the Annelida old classes (now clades)

A

Oligochaeteta- Earthworms
Hirundinida- leechs
Polychaetes- Marine worms

45
Q

Which class(old) of Annelida only consists of 34 segments

A

Hirundinida -leeches

46
Q

What is the pygidum

A

Annelida anus

47
Q

What are the two sphere shaped organs behind the seminal vesicles in earth worms.

A

The crop and the gizzard

48
Q

What extremely large clade are nematodes in

A

Ecdysozoa

49
Q

Why are the nematodes in Ecdysozoa

A

They having a non-living cuticle that they need to shed in order to grow

50
Q

What are the four steps that roundworms (Ascaris) need to do to reach sexually maturity

A

1) Eggs are laid in soil then a human eats a contaminated crop
2)Infective juveniles burrow through the skin to the blood
3)Then they reach the lungs
4)They then reach the intestines to mature and pass their eggs through the host feces

51
Q

How do nematodes move

A

hydrostatic skeleton

52
Q

What is a disease that a nematode infection can cause if it redirects a muscle gene, to trick the hosts nurse cells to nourish the nematodes

A

Trichinosis

53
Q

Is a nematode’s cuticle living or non-living

A

non-living

54
Q

What is the clade called that has phyla echinodermata and hemichordata

A

Ambulacraria

55
Q

What are the characteristics in Echinodermata

A

They have a water vascular system
Pentaradial symmetry
Endoskeleton of large plates or small scattered ossicles
Pedicellaria (Tiny pinchers on surface)

56
Q

Why are the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata in the same clade Ambulacraria

A

They share similar larval forms suggesting common ancestry
Filtering structure called an axial complex

57
Q

What are the 5 classes in Echinodermata

A

> Asteroidea - sea stars
Ophiuroidea - brittle stars
Holothuroidea -sea cucumbers
Echinoidea - sea urchins
Crinoidea -feather stars + sea lilies

58
Q

What are the 3 parts of the body in the phylum Hemichordata

A

The proboscis, collar, trunk

59
Q

What is the unique anatomy characteristics that the phylum Echinoderms present

A

Ambulara- radiating grooves where podia of the water vascular system characteristically
Ambulacral area- runs from the mouth on the oral side of each arm to the tip of the arm
Tube feet- Numerous small, muscular fluid-filled tubes projecting from an echinoderm
Madreporite- seivelike structure providing the intake for the water vascular system
Axial complex- A press-filtering system for circulatory fluids in echinoderm

60
Q

What is the special about Echinoderm’s larval forms

A

They are bilateral with a head end

61
Q

What are the characteristics in Echinoidea

A

Compact body enclosed in an endoskeletal shell (called a test)
Lack arms
Have tube feet

62
Q

What are the characteristics in Holothuroidea

A

Greatly elongated in the oral aboral axis
Ossicles are reduced in most
Soft bodied
Can self eviscerate in defense

63
Q

What are the characteristics in Crinoids

A

Stalked body
Leathery skin called tegmen
No madreporite

64
Q

What are the 2 classes found in the phylum Hemichordata

A

Enterpneusta (acorn worm)
Pterobranchia

Zoology (8 decks)

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