Chapter 3 Cells as a unit of life Flashcards
Zoology chapter 3 cells
What is the smallest unit of life
The cell
What are the two types of cells
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
How are prokaryotes unique
The do not have organelles and are single celled
What is the nucleus function
Contains the chromosomes and is the central command center for eukaryotic cells
What is the ribosomes functions
protein synthesis
What is the Endoplasmic reticulum functions
protein synthesis with the ribosomes on it
What is the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum functions
Lipid synthesis, breaks down toxic compounds
What is the Golgi body functions
packaging RNA
What is the Mitochondria function
Majority of ATP synthesis
What are the three components of the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, microtubule, and intermediate filament
What are microfilaments
a thin linear structural protein forming a part of the cytoskeleton in all cells
What are microtubules
Influence cell shape and play an important roles during cell division
What are intermediate filaments
They are present in all cells and are important in resisting cell stretching. They also help to hold adjacent cells together in association with desomsomes
What are the three types of cellular structures used for movement
Cilia, Pseudopodia, Microvilli
What are Cilia and flagella
Motile extensions of the cell surface
What are pseudopodia
Cytoplasmic streaming extends random lobes
What are Microvilli
Small evaginations of the plasma membrane
What are the three cell to cell anchors
Tight junctions, Adhesion, and gap junctions
What are cell tight junctions
Rivet cells together
What are adhesion cell anchors
anchor cytoskeletons together
What are gap junctions
Tunnel between cells
What macro-molecules make up the cell membrane
lipids, protein, and carbohydrates
What are the two types of passive transportation
Osmosis and diffusion
What is osmosis
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of [high water] to an area of [low water]
What is Diffusion
movement of molecules from an area of [high solute] concentration to an area of [low solute]
What does active transportation require
Membrane protein pumps
What is the use of active transportation
Pump molecule up their concentration gradient to stockpile nutrients
What are the three types of solutes
Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
What is endocytosis
The ingestion of material by cells, is a collective term that describes three similar processes
What is exocytosis
Transport of a substance from inside a cell to the outside
What are chromosomes
Chromatin condensed form
What is the purpose of mitosis
Growth and asexual reproduction
What is the purpose of meiosis
sexual reproduction
What are the phases of mitosis
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is cytokinesis
After a cell completes mitosis it is pinched to split
What are the phases in the cell cycle
G1, S(synthesis), G2, mitosis, cytokinesis
What does G1 contain
RNA and functional protein synthesis
What does synthesis contain
DNA replication
What does G2 contain
Structural protein synthesis
