SPO3: Protists and Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
Clade
A
A group/species that descended from one ancestral species representing one phylogenetic group.
All species in the same clade share the same common ancestor.
2
Q
Primary production
A
The total amount of sugar produced by all living organisms on the planet.
3
Q
Autotroph
A
Makes own food.
4
Q
Heterotroph
A
Depends on outside energy souces (other than sunlight).
5
Q
Mixotroph
A
Heterotrophic and autotrophic capabilities.
6
Q
Clade Euglenozoa
A
- Grouped based on common ultrastructure of flagella and mitochondria.
- Unicellular.
- Pathogenic (African sleeping sickness).
- Euglina, Tripanosoma
7
Q
A
- Trypanosoma
- Clade: Euglenozoan
- Flagellum, nucleus, undulating membrane
- Heterotrophic, autotrophic, parasite.
8
Q
A
- Euglena
- Clade: Euglenozoan
- Heterotroph, autotroph, mixotroph.
- Long flagellum, short flagellum, eyespot, contractile vacuole, nucleus, chloroplast, plasma membrane, pellicle
9
Q
Clade Alveolates
A
- Grouped based on presence of ALVIOLI, sac-like structures packed into a continuous layer just inside the cell membrane.
- Autotroph or heterotroph.
- Bioluminescent, red tide
- Unicellular
- Paramecium, Dinoflagellates
10
Q
A
- Paramecium
- Clade: Alveolate
- Single celled, heterotrophic
- Contractile vacuole, food vacuole, oral groove, macro-nucleus, micro-nucleus, gullet, cilia, trichocysts.
11
Q
A
- Dinoflagellates
- Clade: Alviolates
- Autotroph, heterotroph, mixotroph
- Flagella, plates, (flagellar) grooves.
- May be bioluminescent.
- Responsible for the bulk of primary production and oxygen production on earth.
12
Q
Clade Ameobazoans
A
- Propel themselves with pseudopods (lobe shaped).
- Heterotroph (phagocytosis).
- Unicellular
- Amoebas, Slime Molds
13
Q
A
- Amoeba
- Clade: Amoebazoan
- Heterotrophs (Autotrophs are rare)
- Lobe shaped pseudopodia, nucleus
14
Q
A
- Slime mold
- Clade: Amoebazoan
- Plasmodium, Fruiting bodies, polynucleate
15
Q
Clade Rhizarians
A
- Single celled heterotrophs with tests (mineral casing)
- Harvested for plaster and chalk.
- Foramaniferans, Radiolarians
16
Q
A
- Foraminiferan
- Clade: Rhizarian
- Pseudopodia, calcium carbite test (chalk)
- Heterotroph
17
Q
A
- Radiolarians
- Clade: Rhizarians
- Pseudopods, Silicon dioxide (glass) test
- Heterotroph
18
Q
Clade Stramenopiles
A
- Grouped based on similarity of structure of flagella which contains many hair-like lateral projections
- Diatoms, Brown Algae
19
Q
A
- Diatoms
- Clade: Stramenopiles
- Autotroph
- Silica, valves (test silicon dioxide)
- Causes mesothelioma
20
Q
A
- Brown Algae
- Clade: Stramenopiles, Phaeophyta
- Blade, Stipe, Holdfast, air bladder
- Harvested for toothpaste, ice cream, beer
21
Q
A
- Red Algae
- Clade: Rhodophyta
- Contains: Phytocyanin and Phycoerytherin
22
Q
Clade: Rhodophyta
A
- Contain chlorophyll a, and other photosynthetic pigments.
- Source of agar. Used to wrap suhi
- marine, single cell, no flagellated state.
23
Q
Clade: Chlorophyta
A
- Marine, freshwater, and terrestial habitats.
- Autotroph
- Store amalose (starch)
- Chlorophyll a and b
24
Q
A
1 Green Algae
- Clade: Chlorophyta
- Spiral chloroplasts
25
Kingdom: Fungi
1. Most multicellular, some unicellular
2. Heterotrophic by absorption
3. Sexual, asexual, and unknown reproduction cycles
4. Produce spores
5. Cell walls make of Chitin
26
Zygomycota Fungi
1. Rhizopus (Bread mold) and Pilobolous (dung fungi)
2. create sporangia to spread spores
27
1. Rhizopus
2. Zygomycola fungi
3. hyphae, mycelium, chitin cell walls, sporangium
28
1. Pilobolous
2. Zygomycola Fungi
3. Dung fungus
4. hyphae, sporangium
29
Ascomycota Fungi
The Sac Fungi - Morels, Truffles, Yeasts, Blights, Dutch Elm Disease, Penicillium spp.
30
Imperfect fungi
1. do not reproduce sexually.
31
Basidomycota Fungi
The Club fungi (puffballs, shelf fungus, toadstools, mushrooms, wheat rust, corn smut).
32
Lichens
Sybiosis of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacterium (photosynthesizing bacteria), forming a body called a THALLUS.
33
Lichen:
Crustose thallus
34
Lichen:
Foliose thallus
35
Lichen:
Fruiticose thallus
36
Contractile Vacuole
Vacuole which prevents organism from lysing.
37
Pelicle
Protein bands beneath plasma membrane, provides strength, flexibility, prevents lysing.
38
Eyespot
Allows for distinction between light and dark.
39
Cili
tiny projections of cell membrane. Allows for locomotion.
40
Oral grove
Mouth equivalent
41
Macronucleus
Used for day to day activities
42
Micronucleus
Used to help gene transfer during replication.
43
Pseudopod
'False feet' used by amoebazoans.
44
Polynucleated
100's of 1000's of nuclei, such as a slime mold.
45
Test
Mineral casing around the protist, usually either chalk or glass.
46
Blade
Analogous to the leaf. Function is photosynthesis.
47
Stipe
Analagous to the stem/trunk. No vascular tissue, hollow, full of CO and CO2.
48
Holdfast
Analagous to the roots. Anchors algae to substrate.
49
Air Bladders (Numatosis)
Bueys algae up. Full of CO and CO2.
50
Hyphae
Rope like structure, A mass of mycelium.
51
Mycelium
Fungal roots. Mushroom is a mass of mycelium known as hyphae.
52
Annulus
The skirt around a poisonous mushroom.
53
Sporangium
Site of spore production.
54
Ascus
Houses spores in sac.
55
Ascocarp
Houses asci.
56
Symbiosis
2 or more species living in close proximity, benefiting and interacting with each other.
