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Biology 151 > SPO3: Protists and Fungi > Flashcards

SPO3: Protists and Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Clade

A

A group/species that descended from one ancestral species representing one phylogenetic group.

All species in the same clade share the same common ancestor.

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2
Q

Primary production

A

The total amount of sugar produced by all living organisms on the planet.

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3
Q

Autotroph

A

Makes own food.

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4
Q

Heterotroph

A

Depends on outside energy souces (other than sunlight).

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5
Q

Mixotroph

A

Heterotrophic and autotrophic capabilities.

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6
Q

Clade Euglenozoa

A
  1. Grouped based on common ultrastructure of flagella and mitochondria.
  2. Unicellular.
  3. Pathogenic (African sleeping sickness).
  4. Euglina, Tripanosoma
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7
Q
A
  1. Trypanosoma
  2. Clade: Euglenozoan
  3. Flagellum, nucleus, undulating membrane
  4. Heterotrophic, autotrophic, parasite.
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8
Q
A
  1. Euglena
  2. Clade: Euglenozoan
  3. Heterotroph, autotroph, mixotroph.
  4. Long flagellum, short flagellum, eyespot, contractile vacuole, nucleus, chloroplast, plasma membrane, pellicle
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9
Q

Clade Alveolates

A
  1. Grouped based on presence of ALVIOLI, sac-like structures packed into a continuous layer just inside the cell membrane.
  2. Autotroph or heterotroph.
  3. Bioluminescent, red tide
  4. Unicellular
  5. Paramecium, Dinoflagellates
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10
Q
A
  1. Paramecium
  2. Clade: Alveolate
  3. Single celled, heterotrophic
  4. Contractile vacuole, food vacuole, oral groove, macro-nucleus, micro-nucleus, gullet, cilia, trichocysts.
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11
Q
A
  1. Dinoflagellates
  2. Clade: Alviolates
  3. Autotroph, heterotroph, mixotroph
  4. Flagella, plates, (flagellar) grooves.
  5. May be bioluminescent.
  6. Responsible for the bulk of primary production and oxygen production on earth.
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12
Q

Clade Ameobazoans

A
  1. Propel themselves with pseudopods (lobe shaped).
  2. Heterotroph (phagocytosis).
  3. Unicellular
  4. Amoebas, Slime Molds
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13
Q
A
  1. Amoeba
  2. Clade: Amoebazoan
  3. Heterotrophs (Autotrophs are rare)
  4. Lobe shaped pseudopodia, nucleus
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14
Q
A
  1. Slime mold
  2. Clade: Amoebazoan
  3. Plasmodium, Fruiting bodies, polynucleate
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15
Q

Clade Rhizarians

A
  1. Single celled heterotrophs with tests (mineral casing)
  2. Harvested for plaster and chalk.
  3. Foramaniferans, Radiolarians
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16
Q
A
  1. Foraminiferan
  2. Clade: Rhizarian
  3. Pseudopodia, calcium carbite test (chalk)
  4. Heterotroph
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17
Q
A
  1. Radiolarians
  2. Clade: Rhizarians
  3. Pseudopods, Silicon dioxide (glass) test
  4. Heterotroph
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18
Q

Clade Stramenopiles

A
  1. Grouped based on similarity of structure of flagella which contains many hair-like lateral projections
  2. Diatoms, Brown Algae
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19
Q
A
  1. Diatoms
  2. Clade: Stramenopiles
  3. Autotroph
  4. Silica, valves (test silicon dioxide)
  5. Causes mesothelioma
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20
Q
A
  1. Brown Algae
  2. Clade: Stramenopiles, Phaeophyta
  3. Blade, Stipe, Holdfast, air bladder
  4. Harvested for toothpaste, ice cream, beer
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21
Q
A
  1. Red Algae
  2. Clade: Rhodophyta
  3. Contains: Phytocyanin and Phycoerytherin
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22
Q

Clade: Rhodophyta

A
  1. Contain chlorophyll a, and other photosynthetic pigments.
  2. Source of agar. Used to wrap suhi
  3. marine, single cell, no flagellated state.
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23
Q

Clade: Chlorophyta

A
  1. Marine, freshwater, and terrestial habitats.
  2. Autotroph
  3. Store amalose (starch)
  4. Chlorophyll a and b
24
Q
A

1 Green Algae

  1. Clade: Chlorophyta
  2. Spiral chloroplasts
25
Q

Kingdom: Fungi

A
  1. Most multicellular, some unicellular
  2. Heterotrophic by absorption
  3. Sexual, asexual, and unknown reproduction cycles
  4. Produce spores
  5. Cell walls make of Chitin
26
Q

Zygomycota Fungi

A
  1. Rhizopus (Bread mold) and Pilobolous (dung fungi)
  2. create sporangia to spread spores
27
Q
A
  1. Rhizopus
  2. Zygomycola fungi
  3. hyphae, mycelium, chitin cell walls, sporangium
28
Q
A
  1. Pilobolous
  2. Zygomycola Fungi
  3. Dung fungus
  4. hyphae, sporangium
29
Q

Ascomycota Fungi

A

The Sac Fungi - Morels, Truffles, Yeasts, Blights, Dutch Elm Disease, Penicillium spp.

30
Q

Imperfect fungi

A
  1. do not reproduce sexually.
31
Q

Basidomycota Fungi

A

The Club fungi (puffballs, shelf fungus, toadstools, mushrooms, wheat rust, corn smut).

32
Q

Lichens

A

Sybiosis of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacterium (photosynthesizing bacteria), forming a body called a THALLUS.

33
Q

Lichen:

A

Crustose thallus

34
Q

Lichen:

A

Foliose thallus

35
Q

Lichen:

A

Fruiticose thallus

36
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

Vacuole which prevents organism from lysing.

37
Q

Pelicle

A

Protein bands beneath plasma membrane, provides strength, flexibility, prevents lysing.

38
Q

Eyespot

A

Allows for distinction between light and dark.

39
Q

Cili

A

tiny projections of cell membrane. Allows for locomotion.

40
Q

Oral grove

A

Mouth equivalent

41
Q

Macronucleus

A

Used for day to day activities

42
Q

Micronucleus

A

Used to help gene transfer during replication.

43
Q

Pseudopod

A

‘False feet’ used by amoebazoans.

44
Q

Polynucleated

A

100’s of 1000’s of nuclei, such as a slime mold.

45
Q

Test

A

Mineral casing around the protist, usually either chalk or glass.

46
Q

Blade

A

Analogous to the leaf. Function is photosynthesis.

47
Q

Stipe

A

Analagous to the stem/trunk. No vascular tissue, hollow, full of CO and CO2.

48
Q

Holdfast

A

Analagous to the roots. Anchors algae to substrate.

49
Q

Air Bladders (Numatosis)

A

Bueys algae up. Full of CO and CO2.

50
Q

Hyphae

A

Rope like structure, A mass of mycelium.

51
Q

Mycelium

A

Fungal roots. Mushroom is a mass of mycelium known as hyphae.

52
Q

Annulus

A

The skirt around a poisonous mushroom.

53
Q

Sporangium

A

Site of spore production.

54
Q

Ascus

A

Houses spores in sac.

55
Q

Ascocarp

A

Houses asci.

56
Q

Symbiosis

A

2 or more species living in close proximity, benefiting and interacting with each other.

Biology 151 (15 decks)

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