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Diagnostic Sonography Hagen > Spleen, Pancrease, GI tract > Flashcards

Spleen, Pancrease, GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

The most common benign tumor of the spleen

A

Hemangioma

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2
Q

The body of the pancreas lies anterior to the

A

Aorta

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3
Q

The main pancreatic duct is the

A

Duct of Wirsung

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4
Q

Stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxation of the spincter of oddi

A

Cholecystokinin(CCK)

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5
Q

Clusters of tissues throughout the pancreas composed of alpha, beta, and delta cells

A

Islets of Langerhans

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6
Q

Produce digestive enzymes in the pancreas

A

Acinar cells

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7
Q

The arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the

A

GDA

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8
Q

The body & tail of the pancreas recieve blood from the splenic and

A

Superior mesenteric arteries

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9
Q

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?

A

Gallstones and then alcoholism

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10
Q

What lab value is more specific for diagnosing pancreatitis?

A

Lipase

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11
Q

Acute pancreatitis appears sonographically as what?

A

enlarged, hypoechoic

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12
Q

Chronic pancreatitis appears?

A

atrophied, heterogeneous

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13
Q

The procedure performed on patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is?

A

Whipple procedure

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14
Q

Removal of the head of the pancreas, GB, bile ducts, and proximal duodenum is called?

A

Pancreaticoduodenectomy/ Whipple procedure

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15
Q

A potentially malignant tumor typically found in the pancreatic body and tail is

A

Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma

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16
Q

The most common islet cell tumor is?

A

Insulinoma

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17
Q

The right and left hepatic ducts unite to form the

A

Common hepatic duct

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18
Q

Which two ducts unite to form the CBD?

A

Common hepatic and Cystic ducts

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19
Q

Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the

A

Splenic artery

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20
Q

Normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?

A

homogeneous

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21
Q

The left kidney lies ______ & _______ to the spleen?

A

Inferior, medial

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22
Q

Best position to scan the spleen…

A

Right decubitus

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23
Q

Major function of the spleen is

A

Filter peripheral blood

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24
Q

The head of the pancreas is inferior to the ______ lobe of the liver

A

caudate

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25
Q

What passes through the posterior aspect of the pancreatic head?

A

CBD

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26
Q

Patient has jaundice, weight loss, decrease in appetite

A

Adenocarcinoma of pancreas

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27
Q

Normal pancreatic head measurement is less than

A

2-3 cm

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28
Q

A serum ______ level of twice normal usually indicates acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

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29
Q

Dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is

A

Annular pancreas

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30
Q

Gallstones are seen in 40-60% of patients with

A

acute pancreatitis

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31
Q

Enlarged, palpable gallbladder caused by a pancreatic head mass is termed:

A

Courvoisier Gallbladder

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32
Q

How is the appendix located?

A

McBurney’s point

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33
Q

The most common tumor of the stomach

A

Leiomyoma

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34
Q

What is an outgrowth of tissue from the gastric wall?

A

Gastric polyp

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35
Q

Where are duplication cysts found on the stomach?

A

Greater curvature

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36
Q

Does the duodenum make up the large intestine?

A

no

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37
Q

Is acute appendicitis compressible on ultrasound?

A

no

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38
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

Pylorus, body, fundus

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39
Q

Is the cecum part of the small intestine?

A

no

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40
Q

This allows the stomach to stretch

A

Rugae

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41
Q

Released from the small bowel to stimulate secretion of bicarbonate to decrease acid content in intestine

A

secretin

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42
Q

Most common lab data with GI issues

A

blood in stool

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43
Q

Air in the peritoneal cavity

A

pneumoperitoneum

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44
Q

innermost layer of bowel

A

mucosa

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45
Q

T/F The Jejunum is normally seen with ultrasound

A

false

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46
Q

Gastric bezoar made of sand or asphalt

A

concretions

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47
Q

Most gastric cancers are found in the

A

pylorus

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48
Q

T/F Mets to the stomach is rare

A

true

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49
Q

Dilation of bowel loops is ______ to the obstruction

A

proximal

50
Q

The twisting of intestines

A

volvulus

51
Q

Results from bowel that lacks normal peristalsis

A

nonmechanical obstruction

52
Q

The most common cause of acute abdomen pain

A

acute appendicitis

53
Q

Performs the phagocytic function of the spleen

A

red pulp

54
Q

Accessory spleen is also referred to

A

splenunculus

55
Q

Small, echogenic foci seen throughout the spleen on a pt with histoplasmosis is most likely

A

Granulomas

56
Q

What is associated with Beckwith-Weidermann syndrome?

A

Splenic harmatoma

57
Q

The most common malignancy of the spleen

A

lymphoma

58
Q

Patients with this disorder have crescent-shaped RBC and are at risk for blindness

A

sickle-cell anemia

59
Q

Congenital disease in which RBC appear small and spheriod

A

Spherocytosis

60
Q

Storage disease, 50% of pts are younger than 8, bone pain, skin pigmentation changes

A

Gauchers

61
Q

Most common cause of splenomegaly

A

portal hypertension

62
Q

Peritoneal ligament that attaches the spleen to the stomach and the kidney

A

Splenorenal

63
Q

Normal measurements of spleen

A

12cm long, 7cm wide, 3-4cm thick

64
Q

Splenic vein travels along the _____ border of the pancreas

A

Posteromedial

65
Q

A mass in the LUQ may displace the spleen ______

A

Inferiority

66
Q

Accessory spleen(splenunculus) is normally found near the ______ or inferior border of the spleen

A

Hilum

67
Q

Normal spleen contains about _____ to ______ ml of erythrocytes

A

20-30 ml

68
Q

Process of removing the nuclei from the RBC

A

Pitting

69
Q

Process by which the spleen removes abnormal RBC

A

Culling

70
Q

Indicates the percentage of RBC per volume of blood.

A

Hemacrit

71
Q

Abnormally low values of hemacrit indicate ______

A

Hemorrhage or internal bleeding

72
Q

Abnormal decrease in platelets, may be result of internal hemorrhage

A

Thrombocytopenia

73
Q

The spleen is ____ compared to the liver

A

More echogenic

74
Q

As the spleen enlarged, the echogenicity ______

A

Increases

75
Q

Splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures more than ____

A

12cm

76
Q

Wandering spleen is most common in _____ ?

A

Women with multiple pregnancies

77
Q

Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are common causes of _____

A

Granulomas

78
Q

Systemic venous congestion is found in cardiac decompensation involving the _____ side of the heart

A

Right side of the heart

79
Q

Disease when amyloid proteins build up in the organs. May be nodular or diffuse

A

Anyloidosis

80
Q

Rapidly fatal disease that predominantly affects female infants

A

Neimann-Pick disease

81
Q

In its early stages, the spleen is enlarged. Then the spleen undergoes infarction and fibrosis and decreases in size until only a small mass of fibrous tissue is left(autosplenectomy)

A

Sickle cell anemia

82
Q

Fever, LUQ tenderness, left shoulder and flank pain, splenomegaly. Infection is spread from abdomen or from adjacent organs

A

Splenic abscess

83
Q

May result from endocarditis

A

Splenic abscess

84
Q

Most prominent feature of splenic infection is

A

Splenomegaly

85
Q

May show irregular masses within the spleen, “wheels-within-wheels” pattern

A

Hepatosplenic candidiasis

86
Q

Most common cause of focal splenic lesions is _____ of the major splenic artery or its branches

A

Occlusion

87
Q

Echogenic, peripheral, hypoechoic wedge-shaped lesions

A

Splenic infarction

88
Q

The spleen is most commonly injured as a result of

A

Blunt abdominal trauma

89
Q

F.A.S.T. scan

A

Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma

  • area around kidneys(Morisons pouch
  • subdiaphragmatic areas
  • liver and splenic capsule
  • bladder and anterior rectal area to determine if free fluid is present
90
Q

Only parasite that forms splenic cysts

A

Echinococcus

91
Q

Increase in RBC mass and hemoglobin concentration. Weakness, fatigue, vertigo

A

Polycythemia Vera

92
Q

The head of the pancreas lies anterior to the ____

A

IVC

93
Q

Head of the pancreas lies _____ to the duodenum

A

Medial

94
Q

Splenic artery is the _____ border of the pancreas

A

Superior

95
Q

SMA is to the ____ of the SMV (in the body)

A

Left

96
Q

What duct drains the head of the pancreas?

A

Duct of Santorini

97
Q

Failure of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ductal systems to fuse, results in smaller santorini duct

A

Pancreatic divisum

98
Q

Ventral surrounds duodenum

A

Annular pancreas

99
Q

What pancreatic enzyme digests fats

A

Lipase

100
Q

What pancreatic enzyme digests carbohydrates

A

Amylase

101
Q

What pancreatic enzyme digests nucleic acids?

A

Nucleases

102
Q

What pancreatic enzyme digests proteins?

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase

103
Q

What is the action of insulin?

A

Glucose to glycogen

104
Q

Action of glucagon?

A

Glycogen to glucose

105
Q

Action of somatostatin?

A

Alpha and beta inhibitor

106
Q

Insulin’s cell type

A

Beta

107
Q

Glucagon cell type

A

Alpha

108
Q

Somatostatin cell type

A

Delta

109
Q

Most common location of a pseudocyst is in the _____

A

Lesser sac, anterior to the pancreas and posterior to the stomach

110
Q

Most common cause of pseudocysts in children

A

Trauma

111
Q

Mortality rate of ruptured pseudocyst

A

50%

112
Q

If pancreatic enzymes are low, this indicates

A

Chronic pancreatitis

113
Q

Most common cause of hyperechoic pancreas in children

A

Cystic fibrosis

114
Q

Most common malignancy in pancreas

A

Adenocarcinoma

115
Q

Most common location of adenocarcinoma

A

Pancreas head

116
Q

Palpable, nontender gallbladder accompanied with jaundice(courvoisiers sign), “double duct” sign, is associated with what pancreatic pathology

A

Adenocarcinoma

117
Q

“Cluster of grapes”, usually occurs in the body/tail.

A

Macrocystic adenoma(mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma)

118
Q

2nd most common functioning islet cell tumor. Produces Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Gastrinoma

119
Q

Hair balls in young women

A

Tricho bezoars

120
Q

Vegetable matter

A

Phyto bezoars

Diagnostic Sonography Hagen (8 decks)

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