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diagnostic sonography hagen > Final review abdomen q3 > Flashcards

Final review abdomen q3 Flashcards

1
Q

The normal sonographic appearance of the splenic parenchyma is what

A

homogeneous, hyperechoic to the liver

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2
Q

In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears _____ with congestion of the red pulp

A

enlarged

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3
Q 
All of the following are functions of the spleen except:
A) Destruction of white pulp
B) Destruction of RBC
C) Production of plasma cells
D) Production of lymphocytes
A

Destruction of red blood cells

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4
Q

Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the

A

splenic artery

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5
Q

Splenic infarction is most commonly the result of

A

cardiac embolic

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6
Q

When accessory spleens are present, they are most commonly located

A

near the hilum of the spleen

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7
Q

Which of the following causes a splenic rupture?
A) Infarction
B) Hemangioma

A

Hemangioma

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8
Q

Primary tumors that metastisize to the spleen originate from

A

stomach, ovaries, kidneys

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9
Q

The best position to evaluate the spleen is

A

right decubidus

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10
Q

Most common clinical presentation for splenic harmatoma

A

asymptomatic

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11
Q

A spleen that has migrated from its original location

A

wandering spleen

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12
Q

in the adult splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures

A

over 12-13cm

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13
Q

A chronic disease of unknown cause that involves all bone marrow elements is

A

polycythemia vera

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14
Q

The spleen is a ______ organ

A

intraperitoneal

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15
Q

The spleen is variable in size and considered to be these..

A

tetrahedral, triangular, orange segment

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16
Q

Contains Malpighian corpuscles, which are small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue

A

white pulp

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17
Q

Indicates percentage of RBC per volume of blood

A

hematocrit

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18
Q

A rapidly fatal disease that effects female infants

A

Neimann-Pick disease

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19
Q

Most common causes of granulomas

A

Histoplasmosis and tuberculosis

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20
Q

clinical findings of a splenic abscess

A

fever, LUQ tenderness, splenomegaly, left shoulder tenderness

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21
Q

Spleen is most commonly injured as a result of

A

blunt abdominal trauma

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22
Q

The only parasite that forms splenic cysts

A

echinoccocus

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23
Q

The most common benign tumor of spleen

A

hemangioma

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24
Q

hyperechoic, wedged-shaped lesion within spleen

A

splenic infarction

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25
Q

You are performing an abdominal ultrasound on a patient with histoplasmosis. What findings should you expect?

A

multiple bright echogenic granulomatous lesions

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26
Q

25 year old female w RLQ pain and nausea. RUQ appears normal. A small mass is noted in the area of the splenic hilum. This mass is isoechoic with the spleen. whats the mass

A

accessory spleen

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27
Q

48 year old male with a history of severe, acute, LUQ pain w/o trauma. You visualize a hyperechoic wedge-shaped lesion on the spleen.

A

splenic infarction

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28
Q

most common cause of splenomegaly is

A

portal hypertension

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29
Q

evaluation of spleen indicates a 1cm, rounded, echogenic mass that does not produce shadowing.

A

hemangioma

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30
Q

the majority of the pancreas lies within

A

retroperitoneum

31
Q

the head of the pancreas is ______ to the caudate lobe

A

inferior

32
Q

the head of the pancreas lies ____ to the duodenum

A

medial

33
Q

The ______ passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head

A

CBD

34
Q

Primary pancreatic duct

A

duct of wirsung

35
Q

older man with history of alcoholism is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. His hematocrit and hypotension levels are decreased. Your differential diagnosis should include

A

hemorrhagic pancreatitis

36
Q

a patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and decreased appetite should be evaluated for

A

adenocarcinoma of pancreas

37
Q

a serum level of twice ____ usually indicates acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

38
Q

microscopic collection of cells within the tissue of the pancreas

A

islet of Langerhans

39
Q

If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in the _____ direction to visualize the pancreas

A

inferior

40
Q

the splenic artery is considered to be along the ____ border of the pancreas

A

superior

41
Q

most common cause of acute pancreatitis is the US

A

biliary tract disease/ gallstones

42
Q

what vessel runs posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process?

A

SMV

43
Q

The persistance of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called

A

annular pancreas

44
Q

most common form of malignancy in the pancreas

A

adenocarcinoma

45
Q

the whipple procedure is performed on patients with

A

pancreatic carcinoma

46
Q

the most common location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is

A

head of pancreas

47
Q

lab value more specific for acute pancreatitis

A

lipase

48
Q

most common islet cell tumor

A

insulinoma

49
Q

lab value that elevates first in acute pancreatitis

A

amylase

50
Q

courvoisiers gallbladder is found in the presence of

A

adenocarcinoma in the pancreas head

51
Q

acutely inflammed pancreas is

A

hypoechoic

52
Q

most common cause of a hyperechoic pancreas is children

A

cystic fibrosis

53
Q

stomach parts

A

body, fundus, pylorus

54
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

55
Q

gives the large intestine its segmented appearance

A

haustra

56
Q

allows stomach to stretch and smooth out

A

rugae

57
Q

hormone released by the stomach mucosa and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete

A

gastrin

58
Q

where is the appendix located

A

McBurney’s point

59
Q

seen on a sagital scan to the left of the midline, target shaped, anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

A

gastroesophageal junction

60
Q

duplication cysts are usually found at the

A

greater curvature of the stomach

61
Q

gastric bezoar made of vegetable matter

A

phyto-bezoar

62
Q

which imaging modality is best used for imaging gastric bezoars

A

radiography

63
Q

outgrowth of tissue from gastric wall

A

gastric polyp

64
Q

most common tumor of the stomach

A

leiomyoma

65
Q

50% of malignant gastric tumors occur in the

A

pylorus

66
Q

small bowel obstruction is associated with the dilation of bowel loops _____ to the obstruction

A

proximal

67
Q

a mechanical small bowel obstruction may occur from

A

food bolus, hernia, volvulus

68
Q

most common cause of acute abdominal pain is

A

acute appendicitus

69
Q

appendix diameter exceeding _____ indicates appendicitis

A

6mm

70
Q

gross enlargement of appendix from accumulation of mucous within the lumen

A

mucocele

71
Q

Meckel diverticulitis most often occurs in the

A

sigmoid colon

72
Q

autoimmune disorder characterized by periods of inflammation in the G.I. tract

A

crohns disease

73
Q

second most common malignant tumor of the G.I. tract

A

leiyomyocarcinoma

diagnostic sonography hagen (8 decks)

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