Final review abdomen q3 Flashcards
The normal sonographic appearance of the splenic parenchyma is what
homogeneous, hyperechoic to the liver
In the early stages of sickle cell anemia, the spleen generally appears _____ with congestion of the red pulp
enlarged
All of the following are functions of the spleen except: A) Destruction of white pulp B) Destruction of RBC C) Production of plasma cells D) Production of lymphocytes
Destruction of red blood cells
Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the
splenic artery
Splenic infarction is most commonly the result of
cardiac embolic
When accessory spleens are present, they are most commonly located
near the hilum of the spleen
Which of the following causes a splenic rupture?
A) Infarction
B) Hemangioma
Hemangioma
Primary tumors that metastisize to the spleen originate from
stomach, ovaries, kidneys
The best position to evaluate the spleen is
right decubidus
Most common clinical presentation for splenic harmatoma
asymptomatic
A spleen that has migrated from its original location
wandering spleen
in the adult splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures
over 12-13cm
A chronic disease of unknown cause that involves all bone marrow elements is
polycythemia vera
The spleen is a ______ organ
intraperitoneal
The spleen is variable in size and considered to be these..
tetrahedral, triangular, orange segment
Contains Malpighian corpuscles, which are small nodular masses of lymphoid tissue
white pulp
Indicates percentage of RBC per volume of blood
hematocrit
A rapidly fatal disease that effects female infants
Neimann-Pick disease
Most common causes of granulomas
Histoplasmosis and tuberculosis
clinical findings of a splenic abscess
fever, LUQ tenderness, splenomegaly, left shoulder tenderness
Spleen is most commonly injured as a result of
blunt abdominal trauma
The only parasite that forms splenic cysts
echinoccocus
The most common benign tumor of spleen
hemangioma
hyperechoic, wedged-shaped lesion within spleen
splenic infarction
You are performing an abdominal ultrasound on a patient with histoplasmosis. What findings should you expect?
multiple bright echogenic granulomatous lesions
25 year old female w RLQ pain and nausea. RUQ appears normal. A small mass is noted in the area of the splenic hilum. This mass is isoechoic with the spleen. whats the mass
accessory spleen
48 year old male with a history of severe, acute, LUQ pain w/o trauma. You visualize a hyperechoic wedge-shaped lesion on the spleen.
splenic infarction
most common cause of splenomegaly is
portal hypertension
evaluation of spleen indicates a 1cm, rounded, echogenic mass that does not produce shadowing.
hemangioma
the majority of the pancreas lies within
retroperitoneum
the head of the pancreas is ______ to the caudate lobe
inferior
the head of the pancreas lies ____ to the duodenum
medial
The ______ passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head
CBD
Primary pancreatic duct
duct of wirsung
older man with history of alcoholism is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. His hematocrit and hypotension levels are decreased. Your differential diagnosis should include
hemorrhagic pancreatitis
a patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and decreased appetite should be evaluated for
adenocarcinoma of pancreas
a serum level of twice ____ usually indicates acute pancreatitis
amylase
microscopic collection of cells within the tissue of the pancreas
islet of Langerhans
If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in the _____ direction to visualize the pancreas
inferior
the splenic artery is considered to be along the ____ border of the pancreas
superior
most common cause of acute pancreatitis is the US
biliary tract disease/ gallstones
what vessel runs posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process?
SMV
The persistance of the dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is called
annular pancreas
most common form of malignancy in the pancreas
adenocarcinoma
the whipple procedure is performed on patients with
pancreatic carcinoma
the most common location of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is
head of pancreas
lab value more specific for acute pancreatitis
lipase
most common islet cell tumor
insulinoma
lab value that elevates first in acute pancreatitis
amylase
courvoisiers gallbladder is found in the presence of
adenocarcinoma in the pancreas head
acutely inflammed pancreas is
hypoechoic
most common cause of a hyperechoic pancreas is children
cystic fibrosis
stomach parts
body, fundus, pylorus
small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
gives the large intestine its segmented appearance
haustra
allows stomach to stretch and smooth out
rugae
hormone released by the stomach mucosa and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete
gastrin
where is the appendix located
McBurney’s point
seen on a sagital scan to the left of the midline, target shaped, anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver
gastroesophageal junction
duplication cysts are usually found at the
greater curvature of the stomach
gastric bezoar made of vegetable matter
phyto-bezoar
which imaging modality is best used for imaging gastric bezoars
radiography
outgrowth of tissue from gastric wall
gastric polyp
most common tumor of the stomach
leiomyoma
50% of malignant gastric tumors occur in the
pylorus
small bowel obstruction is associated with the dilation of bowel loops _____ to the obstruction
proximal
a mechanical small bowel obstruction may occur from
food bolus, hernia, volvulus
most common cause of acute abdominal pain is
acute appendicitus
appendix diameter exceeding _____ indicates appendicitis
6mm
gross enlargement of appendix from accumulation of mucous within the lumen
mucocele
Meckel diverticulitis most often occurs in the
sigmoid colon
autoimmune disorder characterized by periods of inflammation in the G.I. tract
crohns disease
second most common malignant tumor of the G.I. tract
leiyomyocarcinoma
