Final Review Abdomen Q3

Question 1

The small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the

Answer 1

Mesentery

Question 2

The general peritoneal cavity is known as the ________ of the peritoneum

Answer 2

Greater sac

Question 3

A small vertical opening between the greater and lesser sacs is termed the

Answer 3

Epiploic foramen

Question 4

A double layer of peritoneum extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach is called

Answer 4

Lesser omentum

Question 5

An apron like fold of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach is the

Answer 5

Greater omentum

Question 6

Connects the gastric greater curvature to the superior splenic hilum

Answer 6

Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 7

Separates the lesser sac from the renosplenic recess

Answer 7

Splenorenal ligament

Question 8

The paired rectus abdominis muscles are delineated medially in the midline of the body by the

Answer 8

Linea Alba

Question 9

The accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 9

Ascites

Question 10

Anterior displacement of the kidney and ureter suggests a mass in the

Answer 10

Retroperitoneum

Question 11

What lesion may mimic a gas containing abscess

Answer 11

Teratoma

Question 12

Differential diagnosis of a lesser sac abscess should include all of the following except:
A) Pseudocyst
B) Gastric outlet obstruction
C) Fluid filled stomach
D) Pancreatic carcinoma

Answer 12

Pancreatic carcinoma

Question 13

The most common primary lesions to develop peritoneal metastasis originate in the

Answer 13

Ovaries, stomach, and colon

Question 14

The most common sites for abdominal abscess formation

Answer 14

Hepatic recesses and perihepatic spaces

Question 15

Generalized ascites, inflammatory fluid from acute abdominal processes/diseases can be found in which area?

Answer 15

Hepatorenal recess

Question 16

The lesser sac is located

Answer 16

Anterior to the pancreas

Question 17

Inflammatory or malignant ascites demonstrate all the following characteristics

Answer 17

Matting of bowel loops, fine or coarse internal echoes, loculations

Question 18

An extra hepatic loculated fluid collection that may develop because of a spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree is called

Answer 18

Biloma

Question 19

A cystic mass between the umbilicus and the bladder is called

Answer 19

Urachal cyst

Question 20

Lies freely over the intestines similar to an apron

Answer 20

Greater omentum

Question 21

Fluid collects in the most ______ areas of the abdomen and pelvis

Answer 21

Dependent

Question 22

Clinical signs and symptoms of infection

Answer 22

Chills, weakness, localized tenderness

Question 23

A smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflected over the contained organs is the

Answer 23

Peritoneum

Question 24

Hernia location that typically contains fat

Answer 24

Epigastric

Question 25

A collection of fluid that occurs after surgery to the pelvis

Answer 25

Lymphoceles

Question 26

The _____ is able to adhere to diseased organs

Answer 26

Greater omentum

Question 27

The kidneys lie in the

Answer 27

Retroperitoneum

Question 28

The pyramids are located in the _______ of the kidney

Answer 28

Medulla

Question 29

Located at the base of the pyramids are the _____ arteries

Answer 29

Arcuate

Question 30

Layer of connective tissue encapsulating the kidneys is called

Answer 30

Gerota’s fascia

Question 31

The upper expanded end of the ureter is called

Answer 31

Renal pelvis

Question 32

The cavity formed by necrosis within a solid tissue or collection of purulent material is called

Answer 32

Abscess

Question 33

The renal pelvis lies within the _____ of the kidney and receives ________ calyces

Answer 33

Hilum, major

Question 34

The renal vein emerges from the renal hilum _____ to the renal artery

Answer 34

Anterior

Question 35

What are prominent invaginations of the renal cortex at varying depths within the medullary substance of the kidney

Answer 35

Columns of bertin

Question 36

Horseshoe kidney is suggested when the _______ of the kidneys are seen connected

Answer 36

Lower poles

Question 37

An extrarenal pelvis lies outside the renal sinus sonographically appearing as a cystic collection ______ to the renal hilum

Answer 37

Medial

Question 38

Most common form of cystic disease and cause of an abdominal mass in neonates

Answer 38

MCDK(Multicystic Dysplastic kidney)

Question 39

When a renal mass is detected, the sonographer should also evaluate which structures

Answer 39

Renal vein, IVC, liver, contralateral kidney

Question 40

Another term for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

Grawitz tumor

Question 41

Most renal cell carcinomas appear

Answer 41

Isoechoic

Question 42

The most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the kidneys

Answer 42

Lung, breast, RCC of contralateral kidney

Question 43

Most common childhood renal tumor

Answer 43

Wilms tumor

Question 44

Most common benign renal tumor

Answer 44

Angiomylipoma

Question 45

Patients with _______ have an increased incidence of renal cysts and angiomyolipomas

Answer 45

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 46

Conditions that mimic hydronephrosis

Answer 46

Extrarenal pelvis, reflux, renal artery aneurysm

Question 47

Surgical emergency due to air in the parenchyma

Answer 47

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Question 48

Occurs when part of the renal tissue undergoes necrosis after cessation of blood supply

Answer 48

Infarction

Question 49

The ______ appears hypoechoic sonographically

Answer 49

Renal cortex

Question 50

The ______ arteries are the smallest renal arteries that branch off the arcuate arteries

Answer 50

Interlobular

Question 51

At the hilum of the kidney, the _____ exits anteriorly and the ureter exit posteriorly

Answer 51

Renal vein

Question 52

Anterior to the right kidney

Answer 52

Right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, liver, Morrison’s pouch, second part of duodenum

Question 53

The ____ are located at the _____ of the pyramids and sends urine to the minor calyces

Answer 53

Papilla, apex

Question 54

Characterized by the moderate deposition of fat in the renal sinus

Answer 54

Sinus lipomatosis

Question 55

Characterized by retinal and CNS hemangioblastomas

Answer 55

Von Hippel-Lindau

Question 56

A bilateral disease characterized by enlarged kidneys and multiple asymmetrical cysts in the fourth or fifth decade of life

Answer 56

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 57

Occurs in the medullary pyramids and appears as cystic dilation of the distal collecting ducts

Answer 57

Medullary sponge kidney

Question 58

Necrosis of the glomeruli of the kidney resulting in enlarged and poorly functioning kidneys is

Answer 58

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 59

Associated with infectious diseases and may be due to an allergic reaction to drugs

Answer 59

Acute interstitial Nephritis

Question 60

Pre renal causes of renal failure

Answer 60

Inadequate perfusion....

Question 61

In acute kidney injury the kidneys may appear sonographically as

Answer 61

Normal/enlarged, hypoechoic

Question 62

Causes of hydronephrosis

Answer 62

Normal pregnancy, enlarged prostate, UPJ obstruction

Question 63

A resistive index greater than ___ is suggestive of obstructive Hydronephrosis

Answer 63

0.7

Question 64

A megaureter measures greater than _____ in diameter

Answer 64

7mm

Question 65

Anderson-Carr or Albrights are other terms for which renal abnormality

Answer 65

Nephrocalcinosis

Question 66

Most common cause of nephrocalcinosis is

Answer 66

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 67

What is the most common renal tumor in neonates and infants (typically seen with polyhydramnios)

Answer 67

Mesoblastic nephroma