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MIDS 127 > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

-Peritoneal
-Left hypochondrium (LUQ)

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2
Q

Measurement of spleen?

A

12-13cm length
8cm AP
4cm TRV

(smaller in women, smaller with increase in age, increases during digestion)

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3
Q

What does the lienorenal/splenorenal ligament do?

A

Attaches spleen to left kidney

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4
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament do?

A

Attaches spleen to greater curvature of stomach

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5
Q

What does phrenicocolic ligament do?

A

Not attached to spleen but supports the inferior part

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6
Q

Is the spleen often a primary site for a disease?

A

No, spleen reacts as a secondary response to some infection

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7
Q

What are the 4 functions of the spleen?

A

-Reserving
-Filtering
-Producing
-Defending blood products

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8
Q

What is white splenic pulp?

A

-Major site for immunity reactions
-Produces WBC’s and plasma cells for formation of antibodies
-Gets rid of bacteria

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9
Q

What is red splenic pulp?

A

-Filters the blood
-Can store more than 300mL blood
-Filters out debris, microorganisms, and old/damaged/dead blood cells

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10
Q

What is erythropoiesis

A

When the spleen produces RBC’s

(Spleen does this when bone marrow can NOT)

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11
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

-Low WBC count
-Associated with hypersplenism, infection, leukemia, anemia and diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

What is leukoytosis?

A

-High WBC count
-Indicates presence of inflammation, infection and hemorrhage

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13
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

-% of blood volume occupied by RBC’s

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14
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

-Low platlet count

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15
Q

What is bacteremia?

A

Bacteria within the body

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16
Q

How does the normal spleen look sonographically?

A

-Orange wedge shape
-Echogenicity is isoechoic to liver, and isoechoic/slightly brighter to kidney
-Homogeneous

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17
Q

What is polysplenia?

A

Multiple splenules with no main parent spleen

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18
Q

What is congenital aplasia + hypoplasia?

A

Aplasia - spleen is gone
Hypoplasia - spleen is small

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19
Q

What is another name for an accessory spleen?

A

-Supranumerary
-Splenuculus
-Splenule

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20
Q

SF of a splenule?

A

-Round
-Isoechoic to spleen
-Posterior enhancement
-Typically 2cm
-Homogeneous

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21
Q

Cause + complications of an ectopic spleen?

A

-Caused by weakened ligaments
-Torsion + infarction are complications

22
Q

Measurement of splenomegaly?

A

greater than 13cm

23
Q

M/c cause of splenomegaly?

A

Portal hypertension (is congestive)

24
Q

Types of splenomegaly + anemia?

A

Hemolytic - RBC’s destroyed faster than created

Sickle cell - RBC’s change shape.
Complications - acute splenic sequestration, hemorrhage, infarction, fibrosis + atrophy)

25
Q

Is splenomeglay + acute splenic sequestration life threatening?

A

Yes!
Bad complication of sickle cell disease leading to decrease in hematocrit (b/c less % of RBC’s)

26
Q

How does malignancy affect splenomegaly?

A

If malignant cells affect the bone marrow, the spleen will enlarge because it takes over RBC production (hematopoiesis)

27
Q

How do infections affect splenomegaly?

A

Systemic (mono, TB) - affect spleen size
Focal (parasites, abscess) - affect spleen size

HIV - associated with infections + lymphoma

28
Q

What is Gaucher disease?

A

Increase fat build-up

29
Q

What is Niemann-Pick disease?

A

Decreased fat metabolism

30
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Abnormal protein development + storage

31
Q

What is histicocytosis?

A

Increased quantity of immune cells

32
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Increased iron

33
Q

SF of congenital cysts?

A

-M/c solitary
-M/c in children

34
Q

M/c cause of an acquired cyst?

A

-Trauma
-Pseudocysts (80%)

35
Q

SF of a parasitic acquired cyst?

A

-Leukocytosis
-Enfolded membranes
-Eggshell calcifications
-Defined walls
-Acoustic enhancement

36
Q

Lightbulb for lymphangioma acquired cysts?

A

-M/c children
-Obstruction of lymphatic vessels creating cystic spaces
-Calcifications, septatations (echogenic lines)

37
Q

Why do splenic abscesses have a high death rate?

A

-Delayed diagnosis
-Risk of rupture

38
Q

What is a splenic infarct?

A

Occlusion in part of the splenic artery causing tissue death

39
Q

SF sign/lightbulb for splenic infarcts?

A

Bright band sign

(acute - hypoechoic, chronic - hyperechoic)

40
Q

What is the most common organ damaged in blunt abdominal trauma?

A

Spleen

41
Q

When would a splenic rupture occur after trauma?

A

Within 1 week of injury

42
Q

Lightbulb sign for splenic calcification?

A

Starry sky
(b/c echogenic foci with acoustic shadowing)

43
Q

SF for the 4 types of splenic infections?

A

TB - echo poor (think anechoic)

Mycobacterial - small diffuse echogenic foci

Candidiasis - wheel within a wheel/bullseye

AIDS - small round hypoechoic lesions with granulomatous calcifications

44
Q

What is the m/c benign splenic neoplasm?

A

Hemangioma

45
Q

What is another name for hamartoma?

A

Splenoma

46
Q

What is the m/c malignant splenic neoplasm?

A

Lymphoma

47
Q

Lightbulb for lymphoma?

A

-Leukocytosis
-Mass blends in + is very subtle

48
Q

Lightbulb for angiosarcoma?

A

-High death rate
-Heterogeneous
-Hypoechoic

(image looks quite dark)

49
Q

What is the m/c metastatic lesion?

A

Melanoma #1
Others include breast, colorectal + ovarian

50
Q

SF lightbulb sign for metastatic lesions?

A

-Bullseye with hypoechoic halo
-Diffusely affected

MIDS 127 (14 decks)

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