Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIDS 127 > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Measurements of adrenal glands?
(said she won’t ask us)

A

3-6 cm long
2-4 cm wide
0.3-1 cm thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do adults or fetuses have larger adrenal glands?

A

Fetuses (10-20x larger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 parts of adrenal glands?

A

-Medulla
-Cortex (90% gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the glands attached?

A

Anteromedial aspect within renal/gerota fascia + perinephric fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the right adrenal?

A

-Posterior + lateral to IVC
-Medial to RLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the left adrenal?

A

Posterior + lateral to AO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the left or right adrenal larger?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 arteries of the glands?

A

-Superior suprarenal (off inferior phrenic artery)
-Middle suprarenal (off AO)
-Inferior suprarenal (off renal artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the veins of the glands?

A

-Central vein through gland, exits at hilum
-R suprarenal (into IVC)
-L suprarenal (drains into LRV)
-L inferior phrenic (drains into LRV)

(left veins commonly join before emptying into LRV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 epithelial layers of the cortex?

A

-Zona glomerulosa (15%, outer)
-Zona fasciculata (75%, middle)
-Zona reticularis (10%, inner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are cortical hormones essential to life?

A

Yes!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the negative feedback hormone secretion work?

A

-Body detects low levels hormones
-Hypothalamus triggers secretion
-Body releases ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa do?

A

-Regulates NA+, K+ and fluid
-95% of hormone activity

(outer layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does glucocorticoids from the zona fasciculata do?

A

-Regulates high stress or low blood concentration
-Effects metabolism of fats, proteins + carbohydrates
-Anything to do with energy

(middle layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does gonadocorticoids from the zona reticularis do?

A

-Promotes development of bones + reproductive organs
-Regulates blood concentration
-Estrogens + androgens

(inner layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 principle hormones released by the medulla when stress occurs?

A

-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine

(stimulated through sympathetic nervous system, controlled through autonomic nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which side does an adrenal hemorrhage most likely occur?

A

Right side

(b/c it only has 1 route, unlike the left)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What disease can infections lead to?

A

Addison disease

(hypoadrenalism/hypocorticism)

19
Q

M/c causes of primary Addison?

A

-Tb in men
-Idiopathic in women
-Idiopathic atrophy in general

20
Q

What happens to the hormones in primary Addison?

A

-Increased ACTH
-Lack of adrenocotrical hormones due to small glands

21
Q

SF of addison?

A

Infections: acute enlarged, chronic small + calcified
TB: enlarged, thick, bumpy
Idiopathic: small, irregular, won’t see

22
Q

Lightbulb symptom of primary addison?

A

Change in skin colour

(only in primary due to increased ACTH)

23
Q

What happens to hormones in secondary Addison?

A

-Lack of ACTH

(no change in skin colour)

24
Q

M/c cause of secondary Addison?

A

-Abruptly ending steroid therapy

25
Q

SF lightbulb moment for secondary Addison/hypoadrenalsim?

A

Leaf like shaped small glands

26
Q

What does waterhouse friderichsen/hypoadrenalism look like?

A

Hemorrhaged glands due to infection
(tell radiologist asap)

27
Q

M/c cause of cushing?

A

Long term use of steriods (glucocorticoid drugs)

28
Q

M/c symptom/lightbulb for cushing?

A

Protein loss

29
Q

What is cushing syndrome?

A

-Increased cortisol + steriods
-Hyperadrenalism/hypercorticism
-M/c hypersecretion of ACTH

(opposite of Addison)

30
Q

What is conn syndrome?

A

-Hyperaldosteronism
(Increase in aldosterone)
-Increased NA+ and K+

31
Q

M/c cause + lightbulb for conn?

A

Adenomas (aldosteronomas)!!

(only one with a mass present)

32
Q

SF of conn (hyperaldosteronism)?

A

-Small (less than 1cm)
-Hypoechoic!!! (was on quiz know this)
-Can’t see

33
Q

What causes secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

-Decreased blood supply to kidneys

34
Q

Lightbulb for adenomas?

A

MEN syndrome
(where endocrine glands produce neoplasms)

35
Q

SF of adenomas?

A

1-5cm
Hypoechoic
Distinct mass

36
Q

Can adenomas cause cushing syndrome?

A

Yes!
(if greater than 2cm)

37
Q

What are myelolipomas + their SF?

A

-Non functioning benign tumour

-Unilateral, hyperechoic, less than 5cm, may blend in

38
Q

Are primary malignancies common?

A

-No!
-Metastases most common b/c adrenals so vascular

39
Q

Where do malignancies invade?

A

-Adrenal vein
-IVC
-Lymph nodes

(not kidneys!!)

40
Q

SF of functioning vs non-functioning masses?

A

Functioning: 3-6cm + hypoechoic

Non-functioning: greater than 6cm, complex + hyperechoic

41
Q

Lightbulb for pheochromocytomas?

A

-MEN syndrome
-Egg shell calcification
-Sweating + tachycardia

42
Q

SF of pheochromocytomas?

A

2-6cm
Vascular
Solid
Egg shell calcification!
Solitary
Benign

43
Q

SF of metastases?

A

-Usually small, bilateral + hypoechoic

-If large: greater than 4cm, irregular, hemorrhage/necrosis, can displace/intrude IVC or kidney

44
Q

M/c metastases?

A

-SCC of lung + breast

(associated with non-hodgkin lymphoma)

MIDS 127 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions