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MIDS 127 > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal membrane?

A

Thin sheet of tissues that divides the abdomincal cavity into peritoneal + retroperitoneal spaces

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2
Q

Is the cavity completely sealed in males or females?

A

Males

(b/c women have fallopian tubes that communicate)

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3
Q

What is visceral peritoneum?

A

Peritoneum covering organs

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4
Q

What is parietal peritoneum?

A

Peritoneum lining walls of abdominopelvic cavity

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5
Q

What are the bare areas?

A

-At hilum of organs where peritoneum is absent
-Allows vessels, etc to enter/exit organ

(Part of retroperitoneal)

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6
Q

Is the greater or lesser sac bigger?

A

Greater!
(contains most organs)

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7
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

A double layered sheet of peritoneum that extends inferiorly from the greater curvature of the stomach to the bowel

APRON!!!!
(from stomach to sm bowel, covers most of abdomen)

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8
Q

When is the double layer of the greater ometum separated?

A

Separated in infants
(contains fat in adults)

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9
Q

What are the 2 function of the greater omentum?

A

-Prevents the parietal + visceral peritoneum from sticking together
-Moves to areas of inflammation to create adhesions to wall of infections

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10
Q

What are the 2 compartments that the greater omentum is divided into via the paracolic gutters + colon?

A

-Supracolic (ant to greater omentum + stomach, inferior to liver)

-Infracolic (post to greater omentum, surrounds bowel + colon)

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11
Q

What is another name for the lesser sac?

A

Omental bursa

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12
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

-Space posterior to stomach + anterior to great vessels + kidneys (contains no organs)
-Extends inferiorly into greater omentum fold

(b/w stomach + panc)

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13
Q

When is the lesser sac/omental bursa open + closed?

A

-Open in infants/children
-Closed/fused in adults

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14
Q

What is the foramen of Winslow?

A

-Only communicates with greater sac
-It is located at the omental foramen, at the right lateral side, posterior to hepatoduodenal ligament

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15
Q

What are the other names for the lesser omentum?

A

-Small omentum
-Gastrohepatic omentum
-Gastrohepatic ligament

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16
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

-Fused doubled layer of peritoneal from liver/lig venosum to lesser curvature of stomach
-Encloses the sac superiorly

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17
Q

What is a potential space?

A

Area b/w 2 organs or 1 organ + the peritoneal wall that is normally empty but can fill up with fluid

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18
Q

What are the abdominal potential spaces?

A

1) Left anterior subphrenic/subhepatic (LUQ)
2) Right subphrenic/subhepatic (RUQ)
3) Left posterior suprahepatic
4) Hepatorenal/Morrison pouch (b/w liver + RK)
5) Omental bursa/lesser sac (b/w stomach + panc)
6) R + L paracolic gutters (by colon, LLQ + LUQ)

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19
Q

When do we image the potential spaces?

A

Only when abnormal

20
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is visible?

A

Parietal peritoneum lining of the inner abdominal wall can be seen
(thin hyperechoic line)

21
Q

Which layers of the peritoneum can’t be seen?

A

Visceral + parietal peritoneum of posterior wall

22
Q

What is a FAST exam?

A

Stands for:
Focus Assessment with Sonography in Trauma

-ERP’s focus assessment on trauma
-Quickly check pt’s 4 quadrants for potential fluid before sending them off for CT, surgery, etc.

23
Q

Which areas are assessed furing a FAST exam?

A

-Morrison pouch
-Posterior right diaphragm/liver interface
-Spleen/LK interface
-Pouch of Douglas

24
Q

What is transudative ascites?

A

-Simple
-Anechoic
-M/c
-Lack of protein

25
Q

What is exudative ascites?

A

-Complex
-Echogenic
-Large amount of protein

(think “ex” for complex)

26
Q

What are the causes of secondary peritonitis?

A

Infection, bowel perforation + trauma

(secondary is m/c because there are so many organs that have possibility to spill into abdomen)

27
Q

What is transudative ascites associated with?

A

-Portal hypertension
-Congestive cardiac disease

28
Q

What is exudative ascites associated with?

A

-Renal failure
-Malignancy
-Peritonitis
-Bowel disease

29
Q

What is primary peritonitis caused by?

A

Spread of infection

30
Q

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

-Adenoma from the ovary or appendix ruptures spilling into the retroperitoneal
-Causes bowel to fibrose

31
Q

SF of a hematoma?

A

-Echogenic first few hours
-Gets darker after few days
-Eggshell calcification if long standing
-Can be replaced by scar tissue

(acute is anechoic)

32
Q

Lightbulb for hematoma?

A

Drop in hematocrit

33
Q

What is a seroma?

A

Blood collection

34
Q

When does a lymphocele develop?

A

4-8 weeks after surgery

35
Q

Where are mesenteric cysts m/c from?

A

Small bowel

36
Q

What do mesenteric cysts look like?

A

-Mass effect causes bowel obstruction
-Mass looks huge (covers pancreas in image on slide)
-Won’t know if mesenteric or pancreatic cyst, might aspirate

37
Q

What is the cause of pneumoperitoneum?

A

Due to perforation

38
Q

SF of pneumoperitoneum?

A

Echogenic foci with posterior shadow due to gas present

39
Q

SF of mesenteric adenopathy?

A

Round enlarged lymph nodes along bowel

40
Q

Lighbulb for peritoneal mesothelioma?

A

Asbestos exposure!

41
Q

Lightbulb for peritoneal implants?

A

Associated with metastases!
(ovary, stomach, colon)

42
Q

What is omental caking?

A

Thick greater omentum
(due to malignant infiltration)

43
Q

SF of omental caking?

A

Echogenic, thick, soft tissue on anterior wall

44
Q

What is omental caking associated with?

A

-Carcinomatosis (peritoneal metastases)
-Primary cancers of ovary, stomach, colon

45
Q

SF of peritoneal carcinomatosis?

A

Malignant ascites, nodules, omental caking

MIDS 127 (14 decks)

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