Spirochetes Flashcards
“Spiro” means ____ and “chaete” means
____
“Spiro” means “coiled” and “chaete” means
“hair”
Slender, spiral-shaped bacteria containing one or more complete rotations that forms a helix
SPIROCHETES
-permit a corkscrew like motility on spirochetes
Periplasmic fibrils or axial filaments
Most spirochetes species stain poorly with __ staining or ___ methods
Gram staining or Giemsa methods
spirochetes spp are best observed with the use of
dark field or phase-contrast microscopy.
spirochetes 3 genus
treponema, borrelia, leptospira
treponema associated disease
syphilis, bejel, yaws, pinta
borrelia associated disease
Lyme disease (borreliosis)
epidemic relapsing fever
endemic relapsing fever
leptospira genus associated disease
leptospirosis (wells disease)
Most prevalent of the nonvenereal (non sexually transmitted] treponematoses)
yaws
Also called frambesia tropica, pian, parangi, paru, buba, or bouba
yaws
yaws is caused by what subsp
T.pallidum subsp.Pertenue
Contracted chiefly during childhood by direct contact, with breaks in the skin allowing entry pf treponemes
yaws
also called bejel
Endemic Syphilis
is a Nonvenereal chronic infection
Endemic Syphilis
Endemic Syphilis is caused by what subsp
T.palidum subsp.endemicum
transmitted by direct contact with active lesions, contaminated fingers, and eating or drinking utensils
endemic syphilis
also called Carate, mal de pinto, azul
pinta
pinta is caused by what subsp
t. carateum
Via nonvenereal skin or mucous membrane contact
pinta
manifestations of pinta
hypopigmented skin lesions
Transmission of this disease occurs by direct contact with active lesions (sexual contact)
Syphilis
second most common mode of infection of syphilis
may result when a latently infected female becomes pregnant, or when a pregnant woman becomes infected
Vertical transmission across the placenta,
other ways of syphilis transmission
blood transfusion, needle stick, improper handling in the lab
The word syphilis comes from a poem written in 1530 that described a mythical shepherd named ____, who was offlicted with the disease as punishment for cursing the gods.
Syphilus
Stages of Syphilis
primary, secondary, tertiary
stage where chance is characteristically ulcerated with raised, firm edges and a smooth base and is notable for absences of an exudate or pain
primary
Appearance of the rash on the palms and soles is characteristic
secondary
- tissue destruction
- becomes evident decades after the primary infection
tertiary
used for direct sampling of lesions for lab diagnosis of trepanematoses
darkfield microscopy
Infections involved in tertiary spirochetes
Cardiovascular syphilis
Syphilitic gummas
Parenchymatous neurosyphilis
Direct sampling of lesions
Darkfield Microscopy
labeled antibodies specific for T.pallidum
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)
Lab diagnosis for Tissue fluid that has been dried and fixed to the slide
Fluorescence Microscopy
These tests have been used traditionally to screen
or disease and to monitor the course of the
disease after treatment.
Nontreponemal Serologic Tests
Nontreponemal Serologic standard tests include the
• VDRL, rapid plasma reagin (RPR), unheated serum reagin (USR), toluidine red unheated serum (TRUST)
• Wassermann complement fixation test
• Kahn tube flocculation test
Treponemal Serologic Tests
• Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
test (FTA-ABS)
• Microhemagglutination - T.pallidum test
(MHA-TP)
