Infection Control Flashcards
render an area, device, item, or material safe to handle that is reasonably free from a risk of disease transmission
decontamination
a process of cleansing an object or a substance
decontamination
act or process, physical or chemical that destroys or eliminates all forms of life, especially microorganisms
sterilization
less lethal process than sterilization
disinfection
is absolute
sterilization
elmination of nearly all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not necessarily all microbial forms
disinfection
most common physical method of sterilization
incineration
decontaminate potentially infectious materials before disposal or reuse
biosafety process
in incineration, materials are burned to ashes at a temperature of
870-980 degree C
15 psi, steam under pressure for heat stable object
moist heat
the fastest and simplest, also most effective
moist heat
biological indicator of moist heat
bacillus steatothermophilus
moist heast uses an equipment called __ which is like a large pressure cooker
autoclave
most common autoclave
gravity displacement type
moist heat for media, liquids, and instruments
121 C (250F) at 15 psi for 15 minutes
moist heat for infectious medical waste
132 C for 30-60 minutes
contains bacterial spores suspended in a growth medium, incubate at 35 C
sealed ampules
no color change of the medium (purple)
spores were killed
there is acid production that causes color change to the medium
Spores were not killed
What should not be autoclaved!
corrosive materials
radioactive materials
‘alternate heating, incubation and heating
Fractional sterilization
Tyndallizarion
100° C, 30 minutes for 3 days
inspissation
76-80°C, 2 hours for 3 days
Temp for dry heat
100-180 C for 1.5 - 3 hours
ovens for items such as glassware, oil and powders
Dry heat
Biologic indicator for dry heat
Bacillus subtilis var nigar
For heat sensitive items
Filtration
Liquid filtration
• cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate member with a vacuum
Air filtration
HEPA Filters (high efficiency particulate air)
HEPA can filer organisms in the air that is
> 0.3 mm
-for disposables ruch as plastic syringes, calmeters, and gloves
-short wardiengin and high energy gamma rays (microwaves)
lonizing Radiation (Gramma Rays)
most common chemical method of sterilization
Ethylene oxide
Gaseous form ethylene oxide
For heat sensitive objects
Ethylene oxide biological indicator
Bacillus subrilis var. globigii
for HEPA filters in BSC’s
Formaldehyde vapor and vapor phase hydrogen peroxide
Formaldehyde vapor and vapor phase hydrogen peroxide is also used for medical equipment such as ____ because it does not corrode lenses, metal, or rubber
Bronchoscopes
• sporocidal in 3 to 10 hours
• cold sterilization
glutaraldehyde or Peracetic Acid
Boiling kills vegetative bacteria for?
100°C, 15 minutes
Temp for 30 minutes pasteurization
63°C
Temp for is seconds pasteurization
72°C
UV rays are __ wavelength and __ energy
long wavelength and low energy
- Chemical sterilants used to destrong all life
- use for shorter periods
Biocides
disingechants used on living tirsue (skin) are called
Antiseptics
Aldehyde agents
8 % formaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde
Halogens agents
- Tincture of iodine (2% in 70% alcohol)
- chlorine and chlorine compounds
Denature proteins
Alcohols
Inactivates proteins
Halogens
