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Clinical Bacteriology Lec > Fastidious Gram Neg Bacilli > Flashcards

Fastidious Gram Neg Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

The members of this group are miscellaneous,
fastidious- - they are not really easy to grow in vitro,
pleomorphic - they assume a variety of shapes,
and most of them are organisms that require
special nutrients for isolation and identification.

A

FASTIDIOUS GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI

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2
Q

The general characteristic of Haemophiles are:

A

• gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli or
bacilli
•nonmotile
•facultatively anaerobic
•ferments carbohydrates
•oxidase positive
•catalase positive
• reduces nitrates to nitrites

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3
Q

are obligate parasites on a mucous membrane of humans and animals

A

Haemophilus

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4
Q

most of the members of the genus Haemophilus are

A

non-pathogenic

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5
Q

Haemophilus growth factors

A

X Factor (Hemin or Hematin), V Factor (Vitamin)

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6
Q

The is considered as the unknown factor because this is what you use to differentiate the various species of Haemophilus.

A

X Factor (Hemin or Hematin)

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7
Q

V factor includes the

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

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8
Q

Another feature of Haemophilus, specifically H.
influenzae, is a phenomenon called satellitism - in order for this to occur, it requires the ___ as a byproduct

A

V factor

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9
Q

The Haemophilus isolate obtains the X Factor from
5% Sheep Blood Agar (BAP) and obtains the V factor from the primary organism (the byproduct) that was streaked.

A

Salellitism

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10
Q

one species of Haemophilus that does not
require V factor for growth and most of the
time, would not display satellitism

A

H.ducreyi

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11
Q

H. Ducreyi is usually diagnosed through their __ pattern

A

gram stain

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12
Q

An asymptomatic colonization with this specie
Type B is rare.

A

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

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13
Q

2 types of HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

A

typeable and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

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14
Q

The most virulent and most common causative agent among the two types of Haemophilus influenzae.

A

H. influenzae Type B

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15
Q

Is h. Ducreyi a part of the normal microbiota?

A

No

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16
Q

The strains of H. influenzae are based on their
__ characteristics

A

capsular characteristics

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17
Q

The ___ h. ducreyi do not produce a
capsule and they are usually part of the
normal flora, usually in the upper respiratory
tract.

A

nontypeable strains

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18
Q

H. influenzae is also called as __

A

Pfeiffer’s bacillus

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19
Q

it causes meningitis especially in children less than 5 years old

A

H. influenzae

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20
Q

always remember the ___ of the patient that
has meningitis because it will the one that will
tell you which organism is associated with it. In

A

age

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21
Q

H. influenzae is also known to cause a condition called as

A

epiglottitis.

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22
Q

___ is the name of the sexually
transmitted disease caused by h ducreyi

A

Chancroid

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23
Q

The initial system is the development of a
painful genital ulcer and inguinal lymph
adenopathy, when we talk about this ulcer,
remember that the one caused by this specie
is painful.

A

Chancroid

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24
Q

Trenonema pallidum subspecies pallidum an agent of syphilis, they also produce an ulceration in the genitalia but this ulceration is painless, this is called as

A

chancre

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25
Q

Chancroid is more common among socially
economically disadvantaged population inhabiting ___ environments

A

tropical environments

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26
Q

Causative specie of Chancroid

A

HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI

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27
Q

HAEMOPHILUS AEGYPTIUS also known as

A

Koch-Weeks Bacillus.

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28
Q

also known as Koch-Weeks Bacillus. This i
contagious by the fact that the infection i
transmitted when you touch an infected eye

A

HAEMOPHILUS AEGYPTIUS

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29
Q

Conditions caused by naemophilus aegyptius

A

conjunctivitis, contagious conjunctivitis, or pink eye.

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30
Q

If you are going to obtain specimens from
genital sites for H. duceryi, the genital site
must first be __ before the specimens are collected

A

cleansed by gauze moistened with sterile saline

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31
Q

After cleansing genitalia, a swab is then pre-moistened with a __ to collect the material from the base of the ulcer.

A

sterile phosphate buffered saline

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32
Q

for h ducreyi, the swab must be plated to a
special selective media within ___ of collection

A

10 minutes

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33
Q

The ideal plate or the primary plating medium
of Haemophilus is the ___, wherein wherein we can incubate it at __ with ___ carbon dioxide.

A

Chocolate Agar, 33-37 °C with 5-10% carbon dioxide.

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34
Q

If we have ____ , we can use this for the isolation of H. influenzae from respiratory secretions and patients with cystic fibrosis.

A

Horse Blood Bacitracin Agar

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35
Q

This media is designed to prevent the overgrowth of H. influenzae by another organism that is also common with cystic fibrosis patients that causes pulmonary infection and even fatal infections,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A

Horse Blood Bacitracin Agar,

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36
Q

If we have Horse Rlood Bacitracin Agar , we can use this for the isolation of H. influenzae from ___ and patients with ____.

A

respiratory secretions, cystic fibrosis.

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37
Q

Horse Blood Bacitracin Agar is generally for all
Haemophilus species except:

A

H. Aegyptius, H. ducreyi

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38
Q

H. Aegyptius requires an enriched ___ Agar with 1% Iso VitaleX or what we call the ____.

A

Chocolate Agar with 1% Iso VitaleX / Nairobi Biplate

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39
Q

most fastidious organism

A

H. ducreyi

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40
Q

H. ducreyi needs high humidity, which should have _____ atmosphere with ___ as the
optimal temperature for cultivation

A

5-10% carbon dioxide, 33 °C

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41
Q

The Nairobi Biplate is called as a “biplate” because it has two bases:

A

GC Agar Base and the Mueller Hinton (MH) Agar.

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42
Q

h. ducreyi is resistant with ___ and it helps reduce the growth of commensal microbiota from genital specimens and improves the detection of H. ducreyi.

A

vancomycin

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43
Q

GC Agar contains

A

1% hemoglobin
5% fetal calf serum
1% IsoVitaleX,
3 mg/L of vancomycin

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44
Q

MH agar has

A

• 5% chocolatized horse pool
• 3% mg/L of vancomycin.

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45
Q

H. aegyptius should be held for ___before releasing a negative result.

A

4 days

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46
Q

H. ducreyi should be held for ___ before releasing a negative result.

A

7 days

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47
Q

has a translucent, tannish, moist,
smooth. and convex colony

A

Haemophilus

48
Q

Haemophilus distinct odor

A

“mousy” or bleach like odor.

49
Q

Also remember that Haemophilus, although it
is a gram negative, does not grow on?

A

MacConkey

50
Q

Haemophilus, sometimes grow on ____ around colonies of other bacteria species to produce satellitism. Thus, it may grow together with ___

A

SBA plates, S. aureus.

51
Q

appear as small, flat, smooth, nonmucoid,
transparent to opaque colonies or appear tan
or yellow in Chocolate Agar.

A

H. ducreyi

52
Q

h. ducreyi are difficult to pick up and produce a
____appearance when suspended in saline.

A

clumpy nonhomogeneous

53
Q

You can also use ____ (fluorescent
stain) or ___ for Haemophilus

A

acridine orange or methylene blue

54
Q

As mentioned, sometimes for H. duceryi, since
they are very fastidious, ____ is only done

A

gram staining

55
Q

The genital specimen for haemophilus is gram stained, and this specie will appear as ___ or ___ in appearance.

A

school of fish or railroad tracks

56
Q

gram-negative. So, your first clue that an isolate might belong to the genus Haemophilus is the growth of gram- negative pleomorphic coccobacilli on ____

A

CHOC agar (not on SBA & MAC)

57
Q

To establish the X and V factor requirements, you
are going to:

place discs impregnated with each factor on
a supplemented media - which is usually ___
Agar or _____ Agar - inoculated with
a light suspension of the organism

A

MH Agar or Trypticase Soy Agar

58
Q

(X & V factor requirements) After an overnight incubation in ___ °C in ____ air, the plate is examined for growth around each disc.

A

35 °C in ambient air

59
Q

in x and v test there are only 3 discs:

A

V, X, and both the X and V factor.

60
Q

If you do not want to use the discs, you can also use a plate through the __ that we can use to determine X and v factor requirements, as well as hemolysis
on the Horse Blood Agar.

A

Specialized Haemophilus Quad

61
Q

is the one with Brain Heart Infusion Agar that is supplemented with Hemin for the X factor

A

Quadrant 1

62
Q

is the Brain Heart Infusion as the base, supplemented by the IsoVitaleX for the
V factor.

A

Quadrant 2

63
Q

Quadrant that has both the X and V factor

A

Quadrant 3

64
Q

Quadrant ___ is Horse Blood Agar (X factor) and
is supplemented with the V factor, used to speciate the Haemophilus isolate.

A

Quadrant 4

65
Q

test where it converts the substrate delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) into porphyrins or porphobilinogen. This could be an intermediate then for the synthesis of the X factor.

A

Porphyrin Test

66
Q

Porphyrin Test converts the substrate ____ into __ or ___.

A

delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) into porphyrins or porphobilinogen.

67
Q

to perform porphyrin test a microbial group or colonies taken and ___ is added at ___ for ___ hours and is placed under ___

A

p- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (Kovac reagent) is added and is incubated at 35 °C for 4 hours and is placed under UV light

68
Q

end result color of porphyrin test

A

red color or reddish-orange color.

69
Q

This test is a sensitive method to determine
only the X factor requirement. So, those
species that do not require the X factor will
yield a positive result in test.

A

porphyrin test

70
Q

requires X factor, is negative for porphyrin test test.

A

H. influenzae

71
Q

characteristics on isolates identified as H. influenzae.

A

• gram neg rods/coccobacilli
• grow on CHOC and CO2
• not on blood agar
• porphyrin neg
• non-hemolytic on rabbit or horse blood,

72
Q

growth factor for h. ducreyi

A

x factor

73
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Biotypes infects Ear, respiratory tract

A

Biotype V

74
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Biotypes infects Eye, respiratory tract

A

II, III

75
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Biotypes Meningitis, epiglottis, respiratory tract

A

Biotype I

76
Q

Eye, respirators tract

A

Biotype II and III

77
Q

Ear, respiratory tract

A

Biotype v

78
Q

All H. influenzae, from cases of invasive infections
should be ___ to determine whether or
not Type B is the cause of the infection.

A

serotyped

79
Q

serotyping and molecular methods for haemophilus is done through the ____ where it detects the outer membrane protein D gene (g|pQ) from the capsule (cap) locus, the capsule producing gene (bexA), and the 165 RNA, as well as the insertion-like sequence.

A

Slide agglutination test

80
Q

HACEK group

A

Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

81
Q

What is common with HACEK?

A

are slow growing gram-negative bacilli associated
with endocarditis.

82
Q

usually involves the heart valves where there are lesions found called vegetations -

A

Endocarditis

83
Q

HACEk is a normal biota of the?

A

Oral cavity

84
Q
  • It is one of the most prevalent species in the
    HACEK groups
  • usually found in dental plaque and gingival
    scrapings
A

AGGREGATIBACTER APHROPHILUS.

85
Q

These can be both V Factor-dependent or V
Factor-independent.

A

AGGREGATIBACTER APHROPHILUS.

86
Q

In addition, aside from endocarditis, aggregatibacter aphrophilus are the major cause of ___

A

periodontitis

87
Q

aggregatibacter is a major cause of periodontitis infection of the gums because their virulence factor as ___ and ____

A

collagenase and alphaleukotoxin.

88
Q

AGGREGATIBACTER APHROPHILUS is Already transferred to the genus

A

Haemophilus

89
Q

Produces star-shaped colonies and are
catalase positive

A

AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS

90
Q

AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS does not grow on _ agar

A

MacConkey agar

91
Q

AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS urease ____ and ___ to ferment
alucose

A

urease negative and are able to ferment
alucose

92
Q

normal microbiota of the nose, mouth, and
throat and may be present even in the
gastrointestinal tract

A

CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS

93
Q

CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS often show ____ reactions in part of the cells

A

false gram positive reactions

94
Q

infects the dortic valves more frequently
compared to the other HACEK organisms

A

CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS

95
Q

form rosettes, swellings, long filaments or
sticklike structures in yeast extract - thus it
could be in Broth Dextrose Agar

A

CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS

96
Q

CARDIOBACTERIUM HOMINIS require _ atmosphere

A

humid atmosphere (either aerobic or
anaerobic with 5% carbon dioxide)

97
Q

a member of normal biota of the oral and
bowel cavities

A

EIKENELLA CORRODENS

98
Q

infections are associated with this organism
have been mixed and often occur as a result
of trauma, especially after human bites - we
sometimes call it as clenched fists wounds or
after the skin has been broken by human
teeth, especially among children

A

EIKENELLA CORRODENS

99
Q

EIKENELLA CORRODENS is associated with people with ___ which cause cellulitis as result of direct
inoculation of organism unto the skin after oral
contamination of the needle paraphernalia.

A

drug addiction

100
Q

this specie is the least common
isolate of the HACEK group when it comes to
infectious endocarditis

A

EIKENELLA CORRODENS

101
Q
  • fastidious, gram-negative coccobacilli that
    requires carbon dioxide with hemin
  • In broth media, this organism may adhere to
    the sides of the tube and produce granules.
A

EIKENELLA CORRODENS

102
Q

The greening effect should not be confused
with the greenish metallic sheen on the _____ because E. corrodens will not grow on the said medium, and will also not grow on MacConkey

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar

103
Q

EIKENELLA CORRODEN produces a _____ on the other media

A

chlorine bleach-like odor

104
Q

Main characteristic of 45% of E. Corrodens’ isolates

A

make pits , depression, or corrode the surface of the agar

105
Q

KINGELLA SPECIES is composed of 4 species

A

K. Kingae
K.denitrificans
K.oralis
K.potus

106
Q

recognized as important pathogens in the
pediatric population and have a predilection
for bones and joints - causing osteoarthritis
infections in young children (< 4 years old).

A

K. kingae

107
Q

also a member of the normal oropharynx
microbiota and the one that is associated
with ACEK

A

K. kingae

108
Q

one that is associated with endocarditis like
Kingae but it is usually associated with the
poor hygiene or oral surgery - thus history
should also be considered

A

K. denitrificans

109
Q

K. denitrificans are are ____ to _____ with squared ends that occur in pairs or short chain

A

coccobacillary to short bacilli

110
Q

Difference of kingella spp. from neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • Kingella is gram negative rods with square ends and in chains and catalase negative
  • Neisseria is gram negative diplococci and catalase positive
  • N. gonorrhode does not pit the agar as such
    many strains of K. denitrificans.
111
Q

This specie yield smooth, convex, and beta-hemolytic colonies that are characterized as spreading, corroding colonies with yellowbrown pigment.

A

Kingella kingae

112
Q

Kingella denitrificans grows on

A

42°C

113
Q

C. canimorsus cause a fulminant, life threatening ____ in humans- particularly in patients with asplenia or alcoholism after a dog or cat bite or through continuous contact

A

Septicemia

114
Q

has a flagella sometimes, but it is usually
absent and is associated with gliding motility
on surfaces

A

CAPNOCYTOPHAGA

115
Q

Capnocytophaga can be confused with

A

Eikenella.

116
Q

Capnocytophaga is also negative in most of biochemical reactions including ____ - wherein many bacteria are positive for this test.

A

Capnocytophaga

117
Q

a zoonotic infection that
humans acquire from exposure to infected
animal or products made from infected
animals

A

Pasteurellosis

Clinical Bacteriology Lec (5 decks)

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