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Clinical Bacteriology Lec > Non Fermentative Gram Neg Bacilli > Flashcards

Non Fermentative Gram Neg Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic gram-negative bacilli can be further divided into two large groups

A

Fermenters and non-fermenters

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2
Q

are ubiquitous and are found in most environments, typically on soil, water, on plants, and decaying
vegetation, and in many food stocks.

A

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli

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3
Q

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli prefer _ environments

A

Moist environment

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4
Q

Non-fermenters can even withstand treatment with

A

chlorhexidine and your quaternary ammonium ‘ compounds

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5
Q

some group members even oxidize carbohydrates to derive energy for their metabolism, and are referred to as ____

A

oxidizers.

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6
Q

When we say oxidizer, in your TSIA, they will present as

A

K/K (an alkaline slant over an alkaline butt)

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7
Q

assacharholytic

A

non oxidizers

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8
Q

non-fermenters has a lack of ability to grow on selective gram-negative media such a

A

MacConkey agar.

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9
Q

general characteristics of non fermenters

A
  • aerobic
  • non-spore forming
  • straight, slightly curved slender
  • gram negative bacilli
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10
Q

almost all non fermenters are motile except

A

Burkholderia mallei

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11
Q

are both oxidase positive

A

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

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12
Q

are both oxidase positive

A

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

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13
Q

gram-negative bacillus or coccobacillus that are strictly aerobic in metabolism.

A

Pseudomonads

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14
Q

Pseudomonads are motile with ___ or ___ of flagella

A

polar flagellum or polar tuff

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15
Q

pseudomonas are also oxidase positive except for

A

P. luteolos and P. oryzihabitans.

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16
Q

pseudomonas are also catalase positive, and usually grows on

A

MacConkey agar

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17
Q

is the most commonly isolated species of the genus pseudomonas in clinical specimens. It is found in moist environments, like pools, hot tubs, catheters, humidifiers in hospitals.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces __ which kills host cells by inhibiting protein synthesis.

A

exotoxin A

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19
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exoenzymes ___ that disrupt the cytoskeleton organization.

A

Exoenzymes S and T

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20
Q

___, a polysaccharide polymer that inhibits phagocytosis contributing to the infectious potential in your cystic fibrosis patients. This substance also protects the bacteria from dehydration and antibiotic activity.

A

alginate

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21
Q

is the blue phenazine pigment that contributes to the characteristic green color of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that damages cells by producing reactive oxygen species,

A

Pyocyanin

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22
Q

contains several genes involved in quorum sensing

A

P. aeruginosa

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23
Q

this is a mechanism for detecting bacterial products in the immediate environment.

A

quorum sensing

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24
Q

A _____, related to the overproduction of alginate and the mucoid phenotype isolated from cystic fibrosis patients is associated with serious infections.

A

biofilm production

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25
Q

pseudomonas is the leading cause of

A

nosocomial respiratory tract infections

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26
Q

which is when the blood cells of the subcutaneous develops this necrotic rash or papules that happens during bacteremia.

A

bacteremia with ecthyma gangrenosum

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27
Q

this is particular in swimmers or divers, is a necrotizing rash referred to as jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome

A

Otitis externa

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28
Q

Patients with diabetes may suffer a severe infection on the external ear canal which is also what we call as ____ which could even progress to involve the underlying tissue of the bones of the skull.

A

malignant otitis externa

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29
Q

Aside from that, P. aeruginosa is also a common cause of _____, especially in hospitalized patients.

A

ventilator associated pneumonia

30
Q

isolates of P. aeruginosa are ____ on sheep blood agar,

A

beta hemolytic

31
Q

has flat spreading colonies with the characteristics metallic sheen.

A

P. aeruginosa

32
Q

This metallic sheen of P. aeruginosa may be due to your ___ is yellow-green or yellow-brown pigment

A

pyoverdin pigment,

33
Q

pseudomonas strains roduce a _____ odor, caused by the presence of 2-aminoacetophenone.

A

fruity, grape-like odor

34
Q

Aside from pyoverdin, there is also another pigment that is produced by the P. aeruginosa which is ____ which is more common and is a blue-green pigment that is also water soluble and is capable of fluorescence.

A

pyocyanin

35
Q

characteristics of p aeuruginosa

A
  • denitrification of nitrates and nitrites
  • also arginine dehydrolase (ADH) positive
  • citrate positive
  • utilizes acetamide
36
Q

p. aeruginosa is able to grow at

A

42C

37
Q

is the selective and differential medium for identification of p aeruginosa

A

cetrimide agar

38
Q

Both of these, fluorescens and putida, are of very low virulence, rarely causing clinical disease. They have been isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine,
cosmetics, hospital equipment, and fluids.

A

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA

39
Q

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA can grow at ___ but not at 42C

A

4C

40
Q

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA produce acid from ____, both does not produce ___

A

produce acid from xylose, not produce pigment

41
Q

to distinguish PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA, perform a

A

gelatin hydrolysis

42
Q

gelatin hydrolysis positive

A

p fluorescens

43
Q

gelatin hydrolysis negative.

A

P. putida

44
Q

distinct specie, which can be identified or separated from other Pseudomonas, due to its leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light-yellow or brown pigment.

A

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI.

45
Q

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI. is also arginine dihydrolase ___ and starch hydrolysis ___.

A

arginine dihydrolase negative and starch hydrolysis positive.

46
Q

These are rare isolates but produces serious infection in humans especially co-infection with each other or with other bacteria.

A

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS.

47
Q

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS. can be differentiated by

A

ONPG and esculin hydrolysis test.

48
Q

are the glucose -oxidizing nonhemolytic strain

A

Acinetobacter Baumanni

49
Q

is the glucose-negative, nonhemolytic strain.

A

Acinetobacter iwoffii

50
Q

A. baumannii can also produce an __

A

eye infection

51
Q

cause contamination or colonization rather than infection

A

A. iwoffii

52
Q

can resist decolorization and retains the crystal violet stain leading to misidentification

A

Acinetobacter organisms

53
Q

Acinetobacter organisms can appear as gram-positive cocci in smears made from blood
culture bottles, if that happens

A

oxidase test

54
Q

Acinetobacter organisms produces _ colonies on MacConkey

A

purplish colonies

55
Q

Remember that A. baumanni is ____ and on the other hand, the A. iwoffii is ___

A

A. baumanni is saccharolytic, . iwoffii is asaccharolytic

56
Q

These very common in the hospital environment, and also in debilitated patients and those who are immunocompromised.

A

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

57
Q

among the Pseudomonas, this is the only one that is susceptible to Trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole (SXT).

A

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

58
Q

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA produces __ colonies on MacConkey agar.

A

bluish colonies

59
Q

frontrunner among burkholderia spp wherein it causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also infections resulting from the use of contaminated water.

A

B. cepacia

60
Q

There are certain selective media can be used for the isolation of B. cepacia, such as

A
  • Pseudomonas cepacia (PC)
  • OF base
  • polymyxin B
  • bacitracin
  • lactose (OFBL) agar
61
Q

Burkholderia cepacia may lose viability on SBA (sheep blood agar) in ___ without transfer.

A

3 to 4 days

62
Q

B cepacia produce a ___ or ___ pigment. sigment. The colonies are not wrinkled, and at rate that may be used to differentiate isolates from Pseudomonas stutzeri, which also produces a yellow pigment.

A

non-fluorescing yellow or green pigment.

63
Q

Burkholderia mallei is the bacteria that is the agent behind the condition named _____, that affects horse, mules, and donkeys, making it a respiratory tract zoonotic infection.

A

Glanders

64
Q

When it comes to antimicrobial susceptibility, performing an AST for B. mallei, it is recommended to perform a ___

A

broth microdilution, using a brucella broth

65
Q

broth microdilution for b mallei is incubated at ____ and ambient air for ___

A

35C, 16 to 20 hours.

66
Q

is the agent of melioidosis

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

67
Q

an aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease cause by ingestion, inhalation, or inoculation of the organisms with metastatic abscess formation in lungs and other viscera.

A

melioidosis

68
Q

colonies on ashdown medium

A

deep pink, earthy odor

69
Q

selective medium used for B. Pseudomallei

A

Ashdown medium supplemented with colistin

70
Q

selective medium used for Burkholderia gladioli resembles B. cepacia complex, so you have to distinguish between the two. It is also found in patients with CF and CGD.

A

Burkholderia gladioli

Clinical Bacteriology Lec (4 decks)

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