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Clinical Bacteriology Lec > Non Fermentative Gram Neg Bacilli > Flashcards

Non Fermentative Gram Neg Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic gram-negative bacilli can be further divided into two large groups

A

Fermenters and non-fermenters

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2
Q

are ubiquitous and are found in most environments, typically on soil, water, on plants, and decaying
vegetation, and in many food stocks.

A

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli

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3
Q

non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli prefer _ environments

A

Moist environment

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4
Q

Non-fermenters can even withstand treatment with

A

chlorhexidine and your quaternary ammonium ‘ compounds

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5
Q

some group members even oxidize carbohydrates to derive energy for their metabolism, and are referred to as ____

A

oxidizers.

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6
Q

When we say oxidizer, in your TSIA, they will present as

A

K/K (an alkaline slant over an alkaline butt)

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7
Q

assacharholytic

A

non oxidizers

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8
Q

non-fermenters has a lack of ability to grow on selective gram-negative media such a

A

MacConkey agar.

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9
Q

general characteristics of non fermenters

A
  • aerobic
  • non-spore forming
  • straight, slightly curved slender
  • gram negative bacilli
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10
Q

almost all non fermenters are motile except

A

Burkholderia mallei

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11
Q

are both oxidase positive

A

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

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12
Q

are both oxidase positive

A

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia

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13
Q

gram-negative bacillus or coccobacillus that are strictly aerobic in metabolism.

A

Pseudomonads

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14
Q

Pseudomonads are motile with ___ or ___ of flagella

A

polar flagellum or polar tuff

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15
Q

pseudomonas are also oxidase positive except for

A

P. luteolos and P. oryzihabitans.

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16
Q

pseudomonas are also catalase positive, and usually grows on

A

MacConkey agar

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17
Q

is the most commonly isolated species of the genus pseudomonas in clinical specimens. It is found in moist environments, like pools, hot tubs, catheters, humidifiers in hospitals.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces __ which kills host cells by inhibiting protein synthesis.

A

exotoxin A

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19
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces exoenzymes ___ that disrupt the cytoskeleton organization.

A

Exoenzymes S and T

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20
Q

___, a polysaccharide polymer that inhibits phagocytosis contributing to the infectious potential in your cystic fibrosis patients. This substance also protects the bacteria from dehydration and antibiotic activity.

A

alginate

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21
Q

is the blue phenazine pigment that contributes to the characteristic green color of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that damages cells by producing reactive oxygen species,

A

Pyocyanin

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22
Q

contains several genes involved in quorum sensing

A

P. aeruginosa

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23
Q

this is a mechanism for detecting bacterial products in the immediate environment.

A

quorum sensing

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24
Q

A _____, related to the overproduction of alginate and the mucoid phenotype isolated from cystic fibrosis patients is associated with serious infections.

A

biofilm production

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25
Q

pseudomonas is the leading cause of

A

nosocomial respiratory tract infections

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26
Q

which is when the blood cells of the subcutaneous develops this necrotic rash or papules that happens during bacteremia.

A

bacteremia with ecthyma gangrenosum

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27
Q

this is particular in swimmers or divers, is a necrotizing rash referred to as jacuzzi or hot tub syndrome

A

Otitis externa

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28
Q

Patients with diabetes may suffer a severe infection on the external ear canal which is also what we call as ____ which could even progress to involve the underlying tissue of the bones of the skull.

A

malignant otitis externa

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29
Q

Aside from that, P. aeruginosa is also a common cause of _____, especially in hospitalized patients.

A

ventilator associated pneumonia

30
Q

isolates of P. aeruginosa are ____ on sheep blood agar,

A

beta hemolytic

31
Q

has flat spreading colonies with the characteristics metallic sheen.

A

P. aeruginosa

32
Q

This metallic sheen of P. aeruginosa may be due to your ___ is yellow-green or yellow-brown pigment

A

pyoverdin pigment,

33
Q

pseudomonas strains roduce a _____ odor, caused by the presence of 2-aminoacetophenone.

A

fruity, grape-like odor

34
Q

Aside from pyoverdin, there is also another pigment that is produced by the P. aeruginosa which is ____ which is more common and is a blue-green pigment that is also water soluble and is capable of fluorescence.

A

pyocyanin

35
Q

characteristics of p aeuruginosa

A
  • denitrification of nitrates and nitrites
  • also arginine dehydrolase (ADH) positive
  • citrate positive
  • utilizes acetamide
36
Q

p. aeruginosa is able to grow at

A

42C

37
Q

is the selective and differential medium for identification of p aeruginosa

A

cetrimide agar

38
Q

Both of these are of very low virulence, rarely causing clinical disease. They have been isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine, cosmetics, hospital equipment, and fluids.

A

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA

39
Q

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA can grow at ___ but not at 42C

A

4C

40
Q

PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA produce acid from ____, both does not produce ___

A

produce acid from xylose, not produce pigment

41
Q

to distinguish PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS & PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA, perform a

A

gelatin hydrolysis

42
Q

gelatin hydrolysis positive

A

p fluorescens

43
Q

gelatin hydrolysis negative.

A

P. putida

44
Q

distinct specie, which can be identified or separated from other Pseudomonas, due to its leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light-yellow or brown pigment.

A

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI.

45
Q

PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI. is also arginine dihydrolase ___ and starch hydrolysis ___.

A

arginine dihydrolase negative and starch hydrolysis positive.

46
Q

These are rare isolates but produces serious infection in humans especially co-infection with each other or with other bacteria.

A

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS.

47
Q

PSEUDOMONAS LUTEOLA & PSEUDOMONAS ORYZIHABITANS. can be differentiated by

A

ONPG and esculin hydrolysis test.

48
Q

are the glucose -oxidizing nonhemolytic strain

A

Acinetobacter Baumanni

49
Q

is the glucose-negative, nonhemolytic strain.

A

Acinetobacter iwoffii

50
Q

A. baumannii can also produce an __

A

eye infection

51
Q

cause contamination or colonization rather than infection

A

A. iwoffii

52
Q

can resist decolorization and retains the crystal violet stain leading to misidentification

A

Acinetobacter organisms

53
Q

Acinetobacter organisms can appear as gram-positive cocci in smears made from blood
culture bottles, if that happens

A

oxidase test

54
Q

Acinetobacter organisms produces _ colonies on MacConkey

A

purplish colonies

55
Q

Remember that A. baumanni is ____ and on the other hand, the A. iwoffii is ___

A

A. baumanni is saccharolytic, . iwoffii is asaccharolytic

56
Q

These very common in the hospital environment, and also in debilitated patients and those who are immunocompromised.

A

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

57
Q

among the Pseudomonas, this is the only one that is susceptible to Trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole (SXT).

A

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA

58
Q

STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA produces __ colonies on MacConkey agar.

A

bluish colonies

59
Q

frontrunner among burkholderia spp wherein it causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also infections resulting from the use of contaminated water.

A

B. cepacia

60
Q

There are certain selective media can be used for the isolation of B. cepacia, such as

A
  • Pseudomonas cepacia (PC)
  • OF base
  • polymyxin B
  • bacitracin
  • lactose (OFBL) agar
61
Q

Burkholderia cepacia may lose viability on SBA (sheep blood agar) in ___ without transfer.

A

3 to 4 days

62
Q

B cepacia produce a ___ or ___ pigment. sigment. The colonies are not wrinkled, and at rate that may be used to differentiate isolates from Pseudomonas stutzeri, which also produces same pigment.

A

non-fluorescing yellow or green pigment.

63
Q

Burkholderia mallei is the bacteria that is the agent behind the condition named _____, that affects horse, mules, and donkeys, making it a respiratory tract zoonotic infection.

A

Glanders

64
Q

When it comes to antimicrobial susceptibility, performing an AST for B. mallei, it is recommended to perform a ___

A

broth microdilution, using a brucella broth

65
Q

broth microdilution for b mallei is incubated at ____ and ambient air for ___

A

35C, 16 to 20 hours.

66
Q

is the agent of melioidosis

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

67
Q

an aggressive granulomatous pulmonary disease cause by ingestion, inhalation, or inoculation of the organisms with metastatic abscess formation in lungs and other viscera.

A

melioidosis

68
Q

colonies on ashdown medium

A

deep pink, earthy odor

69
Q

selective medium used for B. Pseudomallei

A

Ashdown medium supplemented with colistin

70
Q

selective medium used for ______ resembles B. cepacia complex, so you have to distinguish between the two. It is also found in patients with CF and CGD.

A

Burkholderia gladioli

71
Q

Burkholdevia gladioli produces a _ after 48 to72 hours of incubation

A

Yellow pigment

72
Q

Are more susceptible to antimicrobials than B. cepacia.

A

B. gladioli

Clinical Bacteriology Lec (5 decks)

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