Spirochete

Question 1

Eagle pox, French Disease, Italian disease is known as ?

Answer 1

Syphilis

Question 2

Syphilis causative agent?

Answer 2

Treponema syphilis

Question 3

Example of Treponema that are non-venereal:
- T pertenue
- T. endemicum
- T. carateum
- T. curiculi
- T. pallidum

Which of the following does not belong?

Answer 3

T. pallidum

Question 4

MOT of syphilis:

a. Protected Sexual contact
b. Venereal transmission
c. Droplets
d. Direct contact

Answer 4

b

Question 5

How many days chancre persist?

a. 10-60 days
b. 1-6 days
c. 1-60 days
d. 10-600 days

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Treponema pallidum is present in reproductive fluid

T or F

Answer 6

T

Question 7

• Treponeme enters the body
• Chancre

a. Primary
b. secondary
c. Latent
d. Tertiary

Answer 7

a

Question 8

During primary syphilis, reagin titer increases rapidly during the first 4 weeks and remains stationary for approx. 6 months

T or F

Answer 8

T

Question 9

A painless; first lesion that will appear right after exposure to the Treponema spp.

a. Chancre
b. Chancroid
c. Gummas

Answer 9

a. Chancre

Question 10

Painful; and it appears as soft lesion caused by Haemophilus ducreyi

a. Chancre
b. Chancroid
c. Gummas

Answer 10

b

Question 11

The antibody against cardiolipin antigen

a. anti-cardiolipin
b. Reagin
c. florid
d. lipin

Answer 11

b

Question 12

One of the associated antigens in Trponemal infection

a. anti-cardiolipin
b. Reagin
c. Reagin antigen
d. Cardiolipin

Answer 12

d

Question 13

Most florid phase of syphilis and it is the serologically reactive stage

a. Primary
b. secondary
c. Latent
d. Tertiary

Answer 13

b

Question 14

The appearance of secondary syphilis can be seen after _______ weeks after the appearance of primary chancre

a. 2-4
b. 3-5
c. 3-6
d. 6-8

Answer 14

d

Question 15

Tertiary stage:

Lesions in the mucous membranes contain large number of treponemes and are highly contagious
(subsides after 2-6 weeks)

T or F

Answer 15

F

Secondary

Question 16

Secondary stage

Lesions may develop in the eyes, joints, or CNS

T or F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Most antibodies for syphilis appears in the tertiary stage

T or F

Answer 17

F

Secondary

Question 18

Can last for years; no visible signs & symptoms, but is still contagious.
The only way to detect it is through serological testing.

a. Primary
b. secondary
c. Latent
d. Tertiary

Answer 18

c

Question 19

Syphilis infects CNS, heart, and eyes

a. Primary
b. secondary
c. Latent
d. Tertiary

Answer 19

d

Question 20

In tertiary syphilis, the lesions are now called?

a. Chancre
b. Chancroid
c. Gummas

Answer 20

c

Question 21

Tertiary usually appears ____ years after the appearance of primary chancre

a. 1-2
b. 2 - 5
c. 3 - 10
d. 4- 15

Answer 21

c

Question 22

Infection is transmitted to the fetus at any stage of the pregnancy

a. Neurosyphilis
b. Reproductive syphilis
c. Congenital syphilis
d. Aortic syphilis

Answer 22

c

Question 23

In congenital syphilis, fetus is most affected during the?

a. 1st or 2nd semester
b. 2nd or 3rd semester
c. 1st or 2nd trimester
d. 2nd or 3rd trimester

Answer 23

d

Question 24

T. pallidum usually dies after storing the blood at 4C for 3-4 days

T or F

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Lesion are granulomatous or wart-like w/ granular surface a. Yaws b. Pinta c. Bejel

Answer 25

a

Question 26

Frambesia a. Yaws b. Pinta c. Bejel

Answer 26

a

Question 27

Variety of non-venereal syphilis No primary lesion a. Yaws b. Pinta c. Bejel

Answer 27

c

Question 28

Initial lesions are found in the legs a. Yaws b. Pinta d. Bejel

Answer 28

b

Question 29

Pintid a. Yaws b. Pinta d. Bejel

Answer 29

b

Question 30

T. carateum a. Yaws b. Pinta d. Bejel

Answer 30

b

Question 31

T. pertenue a. Yaws b. Pinta d. Bejel

Answer 31

a

Question 32

This usually used to demonstrate exudates from skin lesions Best suited to observe live treponemes a. Darkfield microscope b. Brightfeild microscope c. Electron microscope d. Conventional microscope

Answer 32

a

Question 33

In darkfied microscope, identification is based on? a. Corkscrew morphology b. Chain morphology c. Tumbling motility d. Flexing motility More than 1 answer

Answer 33

a, d

Question 34

Darkfield microscope False negative may due to: - Delay in evaluation - Insufficient specimen - Antibiotive treatment prior to specimen collection Which of the following does not belong?

Answer 34

None

Question 35

What is the limitation of using darkfield microscope? a. Git gud (Training required) b. Need to become sugar daddy/mommy (Expensive) c. All of the above d. None of the above

Answer 35

a

Question 36

Uses fluorescent-labeled antibody conjuate to T. pallidum a. Direct fluorescent antibody test b. Indirect fluorescent antibody test

Answer 36

a

Question 37

Uses unlabeled antibody against T. pallidum and a second labeled AHG a. Direct fluorescent antibody test b. Indirect fluorescent antibody test

Answer 37

b

Question 38

What is the advantage of fluorescent antibody test? a. Fast b. Live specimen not required c. Rapid test d. Easy to do

Answer 38

b

Question 39

2 types of antibodies being detected in serological methods? a. Cardiolipin b. Nontreponemal c. Treponemal d. Gummas

Answer 39

b,c

Question 40

An anti-cardiolipin antibody, nontreponemal antibody against antigens a. Cardiolipin b. Reagin c. Treponemal d. Gummas

Answer 40

b

Question 41

Detection of reagin is based on ______ method a. Precipitation b. Flocculation c. Agglutination

Answer 41

b

Question 42

What are the flocculation test? a. VDRL b. RPR c. USR d. TRUST

Answer 42

a,b

Question 43

The following are nontreponemal tests: - VDRL - RPR - USR - TRUST Which of the following does not belong?

Answer 43

None

Question 44

What is being detected in RPR? a. Reagin b. Cardiolipin c. Anti-Reagin d. Treponemes

Answer 44

a

Question 45

Common screening test in nontreponemal? a. VDRL b. RPR c. USR d. TRUST

Answer 45

b

Question 46

What is being detected in VDRL? a. Reagin b. Cardiolipin c. Anti-Reagin d. Treponemes

Answer 46

a

Question 47

What is the needle gauge used for quantitative VDRL? a. 18-gauge needle b. 19 gauge needle c. 23 gauge needle d. 21-22 gauge needle

Answer 47

a

Question 48

Quantitative VDRL: - 18-gauge needle without bevel that will deliver ___ drops of antigen/mL a. 100 b. 75 c. 60

Answer 48

c

Question 49

What is the needle gauge used for Qualitative VDRL? a. 18-gauge needle b. 19 gauge needle c. 23 gauge needle d. 21-22 gauge needle

Answer 49

b, c

Question 50

Qualitative VDRL - 19-gauge needle without bevel that will deliver ___ drops of antigen/mL a. 100 b. 75 c. 60

Answer 50

b

Question 51

Qualitative VDRL: - 23-gauge needle (with or without bevel) that will deliver ___ drops of saline/mL a. 100 b. 75 c. 60

Answer 51

a

Question 52

In VDRL test, Serum samples must be heated at 56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to inactivate complement T or F

Answer 52

T

Question 53

180 rpm for 8 mins in VDRL test T or F

Answer 53

T

Question 54

In VDRL test: Microscopic reading of results: → Non-reactive: medium-large clump → Weakly reactive: small clumps → Reactive: no clumps T or F

Answer 54

F Microscopic reading of results: → Non-reactive: no clumps → Weakly reactive: small clumps → Reactive: medium-large clump

Question 55

Gauge of needle if CSF is used? (100 drops of antigen/mL) a. 18-gauge needle b. 19 gauge needle c. 23 gauge needle d. 21-22 gauge needle

Answer 55

d

Question 56

What is the specimen of choice for VDRL? a. CSF b. Plasma c. Serum d. Whole blood

Answer 56

c

Question 57

Modification of VDRL which utilizes macroscope agglutination a. VDRL b. RPR c. USR d. TRUST

Answer 57

b

Question 58

Cardiolipin-containing suspension is bound to charcoal particles T or F

Answer 58

T

Question 59

Other reagent components: - EDTA - Thimerosal - Cycloheximide - Choline chloride Which of the following does not belong?

Answer 59

Cycloheximide

Question 60

RPR is less sensitive than VDRL in primary syphilis T or F

Answer 60

F More sensitive

Question 61

Result for RPR: Negative: No Clumping Positive: Small to large clumps T or F

Answer 61

F Reactive and non reactive

Question 62

Mixing of patient serum and Reiter treponemes which is from testicular chancre of rabbit a. T. pallidum Immobilization tests b. T. pallidum Hemagglutination Test c. T. pallidum - Particle agglutination test d. FTA-ABS

Answer 62

a

Question 63

T. pallidum Immobilization tests is observed in what microscope?

Answer 63

Darkfield

Question 64

T. pallidum Immobilization tests: Result interpretation: Non-reactive: Non-motile treponemes Reactive: Motile treponemes T or F

Answer 64

F Non-reactive: Motile treponemes Reactive: Non-motile treponemes

Question 65

Uses colored gelatin coated with treponemal antigens a. T. pallidum Immobilization tests b. T. pallidum Hemagglutination Test c. T. pallidum - Particle agglutination test d. FTA-ABS

Answer 65

c

Question 66

Uses tanned sheep red blood cells coated with antigens from Nichols strain of T. pallidum a. T. pallidum Immobilization tests b. T. pallidum Hemagglutination Test c. T. pallidum - Particle agglutination test d. FTA-ABS

Answer 66

b

Question 67

Example of Passive agglutination test (Indirect) a. T. pallidum Immobilization tests b. T. pallidum Hemagglutination Test c. T. pallidum - Particle agglutination test d. FTA-ABS

Answer 67

b, c

Question 68

Highly sensitive but time consuming a. T. pallidum Immobilization tests b. T. pallidum Hemagglutination Test c. T. pallidum - Particle agglutination test d. FTA-ABS

Answer 68

d

Question 69

FTA-ABS result interpretation: Non-reactive: No fluorescence Reactive: With fluorescence T or F

Answer 69

T

Question 70

Specimen for FTA-ABS?

Answer 70

Serum

Question 71

The slide contains known antigen of treponemes in FTA-ABS T or F

Answer 71

T

Question 72

Multisystem illness involving skin, nervous system, heart, and joints due to. a. Syphilis b. Relapsing fever c. Lyme disease

Answer 72

c

Question 73

Lyme disease causative agents: → North America: Burrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto → Europe: Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Borrrelia sensu stricto T or F

Answer 73

T

Question 74

Vector for lyme disease? a. bat b. tick c. dogs d. rats

Answer 74

b

Question 75

Species of tick for lyme disease? a. Isedos spp. b.Ixedos spp. c. Isawdes spp. d. Ixodes spp.

Answer 75

d

Question 76

Most common vector for lyme disease? a. Ixodes scapularis b. Ixodes pacificus c. Ixodes ricinus d. Ixodes persulcatus

Answer 76

a

Question 77

Stages of Lyme disease * Early dissemination via bloodstream * Migratory pain in joints, tendons, muscles, and bones * Neurological cardiac involvement develop within 4-6 weeks post infxn a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Answer 77

b

Question 78

Stages of Lyme disease * Appearance of erythemamigrans (2 days-2week spost-exposure) * Ab response is minimal & most serological tests are negative a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Answer 78

a

Question 79

Stages of Lyme disease * Months to years’post-exposure * Arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, encephalomyelitis a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Answer 79

c

Question 80

Bacterial infxn causing recurring bouts of fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and nausea. a. Syphilis b. Relapsing fever c. Lyme disease

Answer 80

b

Question 81

Types of Relapsing fever: Louse-borne relapsing fever a. (Borrelia hermsii) b. (Borrelia recurrentis) c. (Borrelia miyamotoi)

Answer 81

b

Question 82

Types of Relapsing fever: Tick borne relapsing fever a. (Borrelia hermsii) b. (Borrelia recurrentis) c. (Borrelia miyamotoi)

Question 83

Types of Relapsing fever: B miyamotoi disease a. (Borrelia hermsii) b. (Borrelia recurrentis) c. (Borrelia miyamotoi)

Answer 83

c

Question 84

Which of the followin has the Same geographical distribution with Lyme disease a. (Borrelia hermsii) b. (Borrelia recurrentis) c. (Borrelia miyamotoi)

Answer 84

c

Question 85

Reservoir host for Borrelia miyamotoi disease is White-footed mouse T or F

Answer 85

T