Spiral 3 quest

Question 1

Physical Changes

Answer 1

Change of form or shape
Change of state
Dissolving

Question 2

Chemical changes

Answer 2

New color appears
Heat/Light produced (hot) or absorbed (cold)
Bubbles of gas are formed
A solid material precipitate
Difficult to reverse

Question 3

Where are the reactants and products? (also find them in this example: H₂+ O₂ = H₂O

Answer 3

Reactants ( H₂ O₂ ) are at the beginning and Products
( H₂O ) are at the end.

Question 4

Cations:

Answer 4

Lose electrons and have a positive net charge.

Question 5

Anions:

Answer 5

Gain electrons and have a negative net charge.

Question 6

What’s the difference between a regular Bohr-rutherford diagram for an element or ion?

Answer 6

For ions, you need to add the brackets outside the bohr-rutherford diagram and the net charge at the top of the brackets. You also need to remove or add any necessary electrons to stabilize the element.

Question 7

Reactivity of metals vs nonmetals in periods:

Answer 7

Reactivity of metals increases from right to left. Reactivity of nonmetals increases from left to right.

Question 8

Reactivity of metals vs nonmetals in groups:

Answer 8

Reactivity of metals increases from the top to the bottom. Reactivity of nonmetals increases from the bottom to the top.

Question 9

T or F: The more shells, the more prone it is to losing electrons.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Climate vs Weather:

Answer 10

Climate: The pattern of weather over a long period of time

Weather: The current condition of the atmosphere

Question 11

Greenhouse effect:

Answer 11

Is how these gasses trap the sun’s energy to keep the planet warm.

Question 12

5 greenhouse gasses:

Answer 12

Water Vapor (H₂O)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Methane (CH₄)
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
Ozone (O₃)

Question 13

3 impacts of climate change:

Answer 13

Increase in frequency and intensity of natural disasters: Rising temperatures = warmer seas = more water vapor in the atmosphere = more hurricanes, typhoons and torrential rain and more droughts.

Declining crop yields:
If the temperature and amount of available water is outside of a plant’s tolerance range, the plant will not be able to survive.

Declining biodiversity:
On land, animals and plants have had to move to higher elevations thus competing with organisms that already exist there. In the ocean, there has been an increased risk of loss of marine and coastal ecosystems.

Question 14

Tolerance Range:

Answer 14

a set of abiotic conditions in which a specific species can best survive.

Question 15

Optimal Range:

Answer 15

the best range of abiotic factors that allow the population to thrive.

Question 16

Green vs Fossil carbon:

Answer 16

Green Carbon is the naturally occurring carbon that exists in our atmosphere and as part as our carbon cycle.

Fossil carbon is the added carbon that comes from humans burning fossil fuels and adds to the increasing levels of carbon in the atmosphere.

Question 17

How do we know CO2 levels are increasing?

Answer 17

We can drill large cylinders of ice called “ice cores”. Air bubbles are trapped inside these ice cores which can show us what the atmosphere was like 800,000 years ago. CO₂ levels have drastically increased in the past 80 years.

Question 18

How do we know that the rise in carbon is caused by humans?

Answer 18

Carbon reservoirs have different percentages of each of the 3 isotopes
called isotopic fingerprints.

The Suess effect: CO₂ levels are rising, and the breakdown of isotopes are also changing. C-14 and C-13 percentages are decreasing, as the air is “polluted” with C-12 isotopes of carbon from burning fossil fuels.

Fossil fuel composition: mostly C-12 since C-14 and C-13 have been depleted by radioactivity

Question 19

How do we know that global temperature is increasing?

Answer 19

Viewing patterns over decades, we measure changes in relation to increased temperatures.

There are 162 satellites in space monitoring the climate variables.

Sea ice is melting→ Sea levels rise→ Carbon dioxide increases→Global temperature increases