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Science > Science spiral test 1 > Flashcards

Science spiral test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water on, above, and below the Earth’s surface. ( lakes, groundwater, clouds, icebergs, etc.)

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

The parts of the planet where all life exists and their physical environment. (land, water, air, etc.)

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3
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rocky outer shell of the Earth. (rocks, minerals, mountains, earth’s crust and mantle, etc.)

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4
Q

Atmosphere

A

Blanket that helps moderate temperature, preventing excessive heating (day) or cooling (night).

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5
Q

Food chain

A

A single sequence of feeding from one organism to another.

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6
Q

Food web

A

A sequence of feeding from one organism to another.

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7
Q

Trophic levels

A

Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers etc.

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8
Q

Arrows in a food chain/ web represent

A

Energy being transferred from one trophic level to the next.

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9
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of the same species.

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10
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of different species.

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11
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species benefit from the relationship and none are harmed.

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12
Q

Predation

A

Predator hunts for food, and Prey is hunted.

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits and the other is unaffected

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14
Q

Parasitism

A

The parasite (organism) benefits and the host is harmed.

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15
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + Water+ Energy = Oxygen + Sugar

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16
Q

Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis

A

Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water , energy
Products: Sugar and oxygen

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17
Q

Cellular respiration word equation

A

Sugar + Oxygen = Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

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18
Q

Reactants and Products of Cellular respiration

A

Reactants: Sugar and oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water , energy

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19
Q

Complementary processes:

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes because the products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction.

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20
Q

Why does only 10% of the sun’s original energy get passed on to the next trophic level?

A

This is because 90% is lost due to heat/ used so the remaining 10% can get passed on to the next trophic level.

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21
Q

Calculate the energy passed to each trophic level:

A

Divided by 10 = Up the energy pyramid
Multiplied by 10= Down the energy pyramid

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22
Q

What is the particle theory of matter?

A

It is a way to describe the structure of matter and how it behaves.

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23
Q

Solid

A

S- very small
A- very strong
M- very slow
E- very low

24
Q

Liquid

A

S- small
A- strong
M- slow
E- low

25
Q

Gas

A

S- big
A- weak
M- fast
E- high

26
Q

Solid- Liquid (Melting)

A

S- Increase
A- Decrease
M- Increase
E- Increase

27
Q

Liquid to Gas (Evaporation)

A

S- Increase
A- Decrease
M- Increase
E- Increase

28
Q

Gas to liquid (Condensation)

A

S- Decrease
A- Increase
M- Decrease
E- Decrease

29
Q

Liquid to solid (Freezing)

A

S- Decrease
A- Increase
M- Decrease
E- Decrease

30
Q

Pure substance

A

1 type of particle

31
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more different types of particles

32
Q

Elements

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. ( hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, chlorine etc.)

33
Q

Compounds

A

A pure substance that contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio. ( salt, sugar, water, carbon dioxide etc.)

34
Q

Homogeneous

A

solution– different substances are NOT visible
Ex. salt water, sugar water.

35
Q

Heterogeneous

A

mechanical mixture– different substances ARE visible.
Ex. Rock and water, sand and stones.

36
Q

Physical change

A

A change in a substance that does not produce a new substance, even though it may change state, shape or form.

37
Q

Physical property

A

Characteristic or feature of a substance.

38
Q

Qualitative physical properties

A

Colour
State
Clarity
Odour
Taste
Texture
Lusture
Malleability
Flexibility
Ductility

39
Q

Quantitative physical properties

A

Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility
Hardness
Electrical conductivity
Viscosity
Density
Adhesion
Cohesion

40
Q

Chemical properties

A

The ability of a substance to react and form a new substance.

Combustibility
Reactivity with water
Toxicity
Stability

41
Q

3 types of galaxies:

A

Barred Spiral Galaxy
Elliptical Galaxy
Irregular Galaxy

42
Q

What type of galaxy is the milky way?

A

Barred Spiral Galaxy.

43
Q

8 planets in order:

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

44
Q

Inner

A

rocky/ terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

45
Q

Outer

A

gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

46
Q

What separates the inner and outer planets?

A

Between mars and Jupiter is an astroid belt which is a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the sun.

47
Q

Light year

A

Distance light travels in a year

48
Q

Why use light years?

A

Space is so huge so the use of kilometers would be impractical so we measure distances in space using light years.

49
Q

Rotation

A

An object’s spinning around its own axis

50
Q

Axis

A

An imaginary line that the object rotates around

51
Q

Revolution

A

An object is circling around another object.

52
Q

Orbit

A

A regular, repeating path that one object in space takes around another one. ( elliptical – oval shape)

53
Q

Latitude

A

Horizontal parallel lines

54
Q

The earth completes one full rotation about its axis every?

A

24 hours; we call this a day.

55
Q

The earth revolves around the sun once every?

A

365.25 days we call this a year.

56
Q

What causes day and night?

A

Rotation

57
Q

What changes the amount of sunlight?

A

Revolution

Science (6 decks)

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