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Science spiral test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All the water on, above, and below the Earth’s surface. ( lakes, groundwater, clouds, icebergs, etc.)

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

The parts of the planet where all life exists and their physical environment. (land, water, air, etc.)

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3
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rocky outer shell of the Earth. (rocks, minerals, mountains, earth’s crust and mantle, etc.)

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4
Q

Atmosphere

A

Blanket that helps moderate temperature, preventing excessive heating (day) or cooling (night).

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5
Q

Food chain

A

A single sequence of feeding from one organism to another.

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6
Q

Food web

A

A sequence of feeding from one organism to another.

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7
Q

Trophic levels

A

Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers etc.

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8
Q

Arrows in a food chain/ web represent

A

Energy being transferred from one trophic level to the next.

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9
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of the same species.

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10
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between individuals of different species.

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11
Q

Mutualism

A

Both species benefit from the relationship and none are harmed.

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12
Q

Predation

A

Predator hunts for food, and Prey is hunted.

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits and the other is unaffected

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14
Q

Parasitism

A

The parasite (organism) benefits and the host is harmed.

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15
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + Water+ Energy = Oxygen + Sugar

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16
Q

Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis

A

Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water , energy
Products: Sugar and oxygen

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17
Q

Cellular respiration word equation

A

Sugar + Oxygen = Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

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18
Q

Reactants and Products of Cellular respiration

A

Reactants: Sugar and oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water , energy

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19
Q

Complementary processes:

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes because the products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction.

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20
Q

Why does only 10% of the sun’s original energy get passed on to the next trophic level?

A

This is because 90% is lost due to heat/ used so the remaining 10% can get passed on to the next trophic level.

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21
Q

Calculate the energy passed to each trophic level:

A

Divided by 10 = Up the energy pyramid
Multiplied by 10= Down the energy pyramid

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22
Q

What is the particle theory of matter?

A

It is a way to describe the structure of matter and how it behaves.

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23
Q

Solid

A

S- very small
A- very strong
M- very slow
E- very low

24
Q

Liquid

A

S- small
A- strong
M- slow
E- low

25
Gas
S- big A- weak M- fast E- high
26
Solid- Liquid (Melting)
S- Increase A- Decrease M- Increase E- Increase
27
Liquid to Gas (Evaporation)
S- Increase A- Decrease M- Increase E- Increase
28
Gas to liquid (Condensation)
S- Decrease A- Increase M- Decrease E- Decrease
29
Liquid to solid (Freezing)
S- Decrease A- Increase M- Decrease E- Decrease
30
Pure substance
1 type of particle
31
Mixture
2 or more different types of particles
32
Elements
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. ( hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, chlorine etc.)
33
Compounds
A pure substance that contains 2 or more different elements in a fixed ratio. ( salt, sugar, water, carbon dioxide etc.)
34
Homogeneous
solution– different substances are NOT visible Ex. salt water, sugar water.
35
Heterogeneous
mechanical mixture– different substances ARE visible. Ex. Rock and water, sand and stones.
36
Physical change
A change in a substance that does not produce a new substance, even though it may change state, shape or form.
37
Physical property
Characteristic or feature of a substance.
38
Qualitative physical properties
Colour State Clarity Odour Taste Texture Lusture Malleability Flexibility Ductility
39
Quantitative physical properties
Melting point Boiling point Solubility Hardness Electrical conductivity Viscosity Density Adhesion Cohesion
40
Chemical properties
The ability of a substance to react and form a new substance. Combustibility Reactivity with water Toxicity Stability
41
3 types of galaxies:
Barred Spiral Galaxy Elliptical Galaxy Irregular Galaxy
42
What type of galaxy is the milky way?
Barred Spiral Galaxy.
43
8 planets in order:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
44
Inner
rocky/ terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)
45
Outer
gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
46
What separates the inner and outer planets?
Between mars and Jupiter is an astroid belt which is a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the sun.
47
Light year
Distance light travels in a year
48
Why use light years?
Space is so huge so the use of kilometers would be impractical so we measure distances in space using light years.
49
Rotation
An object’s spinning around its own axis
50
Axis
An imaginary line that the object rotates around
51
Revolution
An object is circling around another object.
52
Orbit
A regular, repeating path that one object in space takes around another one. ( elliptical – oval shape)
53
Latitude
Horizontal parallel lines
54
The earth completes one full rotation about its axis every?
24 hours; we call this a day.
55
The earth revolves around the sun once every?
365.25 days we call this a year.
56
What causes day and night?
Rotation
57
What changes the amount of sunlight?
Revolution

Science (6 decks)

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