Spine, Trunk and Back Flashcards
what colour is ligament lava
yellow
what is the outer layer of the intervertebral disc called
annulus fibrosis
what is the inner layer of the intervertebral disc called
nucleus pulposus
where are arterial longitudinal ligaments found
in front of the vertebrae
where are the posterior longitudinal ligaments found
behind vertebrae
what is found between the discs
intervertebral discs
how many pairs of ribs directly attach to the sternum
7
where do the other ribs attach
8,9,10 - intercostal cartilage. 11,12 don’t attach to structure at front
what are global movers
involved in the generation of torque and range of movement. their movement is dependent on direction
what are local movers
deeper muscles that control segmented movement of the spine
to laterally rotate the trunk on the left side what muscles will be used
The left side internal oblique and the right side external oblique
Name 4 key trunk muscles
External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Rectus Abdominus, Transverse abdominus Muscles.
Name 3 key Back Muscles
Erectus Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus lumborum.
Name some Key Neck muscles
Sternocleidomastoid (sternal and clavicules heads). scalenus (anterior, medius, posterior).
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Platysma
Origin: pectoral fascia
Insertion: inferior border of mandible
action: tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible
what are the action, origin and insertion of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid
Origin: manubrium of sternum
Insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
action: flexes and laterally flexes neck, rotates head
what are the action, origin and insertion of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid
Origin: medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
action: flexes and laterally flexes neck, rotates head
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Anterior
Origin: Transverse process of the C3-6
Insertion: Scalene Tubercle of first rib
action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes neck, rotates head.
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Medius
Origin: Transverse processes C2-7
Insertion: superior surface of first rib
action: laterally flexes neck, elevates first rib
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Posterior
Origin: Transverse process of C4-6
Insertion: Scalene tubercle 2nd Rib
action: lateral flexion - contralateral
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Longus Colli
Origin: Anterior C3-T3
Insertion: Anterior C1-6
action: flexes and rotates neck
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Splenius Colli
Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6
Insertion: transverse processes of C1-C3
action: extend, rotate, laterally flex the neck
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Splenius Capitus
Origin: nuchal ligament
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
action: rotates and extends the head
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Levator Scapula
Origin: Transverse processes of the C1-C2
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
action: elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Semispinalis Capitus
Origin: C4-C7
Insertion: area between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bones
action: extends and rotates the head
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Semispinalis Colli
Origin: T1-T6
Insertion: C2-C5 spinous processes
action: ends and rotates neck
what are the action, origin and insertion of the External Oblique
Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion: iliac spine, iliac crest, pubic crest
action: flexes, laterally flexes and rotates trunk - opposite side
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Internal Oblique
Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: inferior margins of 10th to 12th rib
action: flexes, laterally flexes and rotates trunk - same side.
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Rectus Abdominus
Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5 to 7
action: flexes trunk
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Transverse Abdominus Muscles
Origin: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
action: compresses and provides structural support for abs and spine
name some muscles that make up the Erectus Spinae
Spinalis Thoracis, longissimi’s Thoracis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum
function: keep the spine straight - extensors
what are the action, origin and insertion of the multifidus
Origin: posterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: spinous processes all the way down
action: extends neck and trunk slightly, stabilises vertebral column.
what are the action, origin and insertion of the Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: posterior half of iliac crest
Insertion: fermions border of 12th rib
action: extends and laterally flexes trunk, stabilises 12th rib during inspiration
