Spine, Trunk and Back

Question 1

what colour is ligament lava

Answer 1

yellow

Question 2

what is the outer layer of the intervertebral disc called

Answer 2

annulus fibrosis

Question 3

what is the inner layer of the intervertebral disc called

Answer 3

nucleus pulposus

Question 4

where are arterial longitudinal ligaments found

Answer 4

in front of the vertebrae

Question 5

where are the posterior longitudinal ligaments found

Answer 5

behind vertebrae

Question 6

what is found between the discs

Answer 6

intervertebral discs

Question 7

how many pairs of ribs directly attach to the sternum

Answer 7

7

Question 8

where do the other ribs attach

Answer 8

8,9,10 - intercostal cartilage. 11,12 don’t attach to structure at front

Question 9

what are global movers

Answer 9

involved in the generation of torque and range of movement. their movement is dependent on direction

Question 10

what are local movers

Answer 10

deeper muscles that control segmented movement of the spine

Question 11

to laterally rotate the trunk on the left side what muscles will be used

Answer 11

The left side internal oblique and the right side external oblique

Question 12

Name 4 key trunk muscles

Answer 12

External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Rectus Abdominus, Transverse abdominus Muscles.

Question 13

Name 3 key Back Muscles

Answer 13

Erectus Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus lumborum.

Question 14

Name some Key Neck muscles

Answer 14

Sternocleidomastoid (sternal and clavicules heads). scalenus (anterior, medius, posterior).

Question 15

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Platysma

Answer 15

Origin: pectoral fascia
Insertion: inferior border of mandible
action: tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible

Question 16

what are the action, origin and insertion of the sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 16

Origin: manubrium of sternum
Insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
action: flexes and laterally flexes neck, rotates head

Question 17

what are the action, origin and insertion of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 17

Origin: medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
action: flexes and laterally flexes neck, rotates head

Question 18

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Anterior

Answer 18

Origin: Transverse process of the C3-6
Insertion: Scalene Tubercle of first rib
action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes neck, rotates head.

Question 19

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Medius

Answer 19

Origin: Transverse processes C2-7
Insertion: superior surface of first rib
action: laterally flexes neck, elevates first rib

Question 20

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Scalenus Posterior

Answer 20

Origin: Transverse process of C4-6
Insertion: Scalene tubercle 2nd Rib
action: lateral flexion - contralateral

Question 21

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Longus Colli

Answer 21

Origin: Anterior C3-T3
Insertion: Anterior C1-6
action: flexes and rotates neck

Question 22

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Splenius Colli

Answer 22

Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6
Insertion: transverse processes of C1-C3
action: extend, rotate, laterally flex the neck

Question 23

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Splenius Capitus

Answer 23

Origin: nuchal ligament
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
action: rotates and extends the head

Question 24

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Levator Scapula

Answer 24

Origin: Transverse processes of the C1-C2
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
action: elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle

Question 25

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Semispinalis Capitus

Answer 25

Origin: C4-C7
Insertion: area between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bones
action: extends and rotates the head

Question 26

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Semispinalis Colli

Answer 26

Origin: T1-T6
Insertion: C2-C5 spinous processes
action: ends and rotates neck

Question 27

what are the action, origin and insertion of the External Oblique

Answer 27

Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion: iliac spine, iliac crest, pubic crest
action: flexes, laterally flexes and rotates trunk - opposite side

Question 28

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Internal Oblique

Answer 28

Origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertion: inferior margins of 10th to 12th rib
action: flexes, laterally flexes and rotates trunk - same side.

Question 29

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Rectus Abdominus

Answer 29

Origin: pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5 to 7
action: flexes trunk

Question 30

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Transverse Abdominus Muscles

Answer 30

Origin: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest
action: compresses and provides structural support for abs and spine

Question 31

name some muscles that make up the Erectus Spinae

Answer 31

Spinalis Thoracis, longissimi’s Thoracis, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum

function: keep the spine straight - extensors

Question 32

what are the action, origin and insertion of the multifidus

Answer 32

Origin: posterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: spinous processes all the way down
action: extends neck and trunk slightly, stabilises vertebral column.

Question 33

what are the action, origin and insertion of the Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 33

Origin: posterior half of iliac crest
Insertion: fermions border of 12th rib
action: extends and laterally flexes trunk, stabilises 12th rib during inspiration