FA - Bones

Question 1

Name and describe the 5 types of bone

Answer 1

Flat - provide protection and attachment points
Short- provide stability
Long - support body weight, movement
Irregular - protects septic internal organs
Sesamoid - imbedded in tendons

Question 2

Name and describe the 2 types of bone

Answer 2

Compact - dense and tough
Spongy - light and strong

Question 3

Describe what the Epiphesial line, Epiphysis and Medullary Cavity are.

Answer 3

Epiphesial line (or plate in children) is where bone
growth occurs
Epiphysis is the ends of bones
Medullary cavity is where yellow bone marrow is stored (stores energy)
- this bone marrow is red in children but changes to yellow with age

Question 4

Name the 3 types of bone cells

Answer 4

Osteoblasts - create - bone forming
Osteoclasts - break down - release calcium and phosphate
Osteocytes - monitor - sensitive to strain

Question 5

Describe the structure of compact bone

Answer 5

Made up of parallel osteons
Osteons are made of a central Haversian canal with perforating canals linking them up, they are surrounding by a series of concentric rings. Osteons are aligned in the same way that tension is applied.
Spongy is the same but not in parallel structures.

Question 6

Name the 5 bone types and the models which they develop form

Answer 6

Cartilage models - irregular, long, short
Tender models - Sesamoid bones
Membrane models - flat bones

Question 7

What is osteogenesis

Answer 7

Osteoblasts secrete osteoid which gradually replaces the cartilage models with calcium and inorganic salts. This occurs from the centre outwards

Question 8

What do you know about bone remodelling?

Answer 8

10% of the bone is replaced each year
Bones subject to high stress is replaced more often
Wolffs Law - bone density changes in response to the forces put on the bone. E.g. eight being exercises increase bone density.