Spine Flashcards
plane joints from superior and inferior articular facets
zygapophyseal joints
spinal nerve exits. increases w/ flex. contralateral side bending. decreases w/ ext. ipsilateral side bending
intervertebral foramina
concentric sheets of type I collagen. outer part
annulus fibrosis
semifluid mass of clear, firm, gelatnous material. inner part
nucleus pulposus
lumbar facet orientation
sagittal plane. flex/ext. limits rotation
sacral flexion/extention
nutation/counter nutation
thoracic facet orientation
frontal plane. rotation and lateral flex. limits flex and ext
cervical facet orientation
frontal and sagittal planes
spinal motion is defined by what is occurring at the anterior portion of the body of the…
superior vertebra
spinal exercise red flags (4)
- incontinence
- peripherilization of symptoms
- numbness in s1-s2
- paresthesias
four phases of rehab
- healing/pain control
- increase activity
- prevent re-injury
- normal activity
4 stages of herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
- protrusion/degeneration
- prolapse
- extrusion
- sequestered
nerve mobilization technique involving 1 joint
neural tension
nerve mobilization technique involving 2 joints
neural glide
narrowing of disc space and formation of osteophytes. OA of spine
spondylosis
stress fracture of pars interarticularis. pain w/ hyperext. avoid ext
spondylolysis
forward shift of one vertebra on another. avoid ext
spondylolisthesis
degenerative changes of joint cartilage. joint mobs
Lumbar OA
inflammatory disease of the whole body. Grade I and II jt mobs only
Lumbar RA
general lumbar rehab progression (4)
- hooklying
- quadruped
- sitting
- standing
lumbar stabilization progression (4)
- awareness/proprioception
- stability
- mobility on stability
- stability on mobility
cervical spine red flags. 5 Ds 2 Ts 1 N
Displopia Dysphagia Drop attacks Dysarthria Dizziness Tingling Tinnitus Nystagmus
PT management for cervical disk injury
normalize mechanics
difficulty rotating/side bending to one side, described as kink in the neck. Synovial membrane caught btwn jt surfaces. Normalize mechanics
facet dysfunction
Gradual onset with morning stiffness of the neck. Chronic degenerative condition
spondylosis
compression of neural and vascular structures by cervical rib, scalenes, clavicle, pec minor or 1stt thoracic rib. Skin and temp changes
thoracic outlet syndrome TOS
TOS treatment (3)
- restore posture
- stretch scalenes and pec minor
- neural mobs
TOS vs nerve root impingement
TOS- neural and vascular
nerve root impinge- neural
cervical stabilization begins with…
deep neck flexion (chin tucks)
