Bone Injuries Flashcards
Disease where osteoclasts work faster than osteoblasts
Osteoporosis
osteoporosis that is postmenopausal, gonadal hormone deficiency
Primary Type 1
osteoporosis that is is senile and later in life
Primary Type 2
osteoporosis that occurs due to other conditions or medications
secondary
osteoporosis tx (2)
- WB
- resistance ex
Stimulates osteoblasts
fracture due to pre-existing abnormality or disease (osteoporosis, cancer) occur spontaneously or w/ little stress
pathological fracture
fracture associated w/ overuse that occurs in absence of specific trauma
stress fracture
fracture parallel to long axis
linear fracture
fracture at right angle to long axis
transverse fracture
fracture diagonal to long axis
oblique fracture
fracture resulting from twisting
spiral fracture
fracture when bone fragments driven into each other
compacted fracture
fracture w/ more than 2 fragments
comminuted fracture
fracture w/ piece of bone worn away by tendon or ligament
avulsion fracture
fracture where bone is crushed into small pieces
compression fracture
fractures that are more common in children than adults
incomplete
fragments of fracture may be shifted in relation to each other. fracture surfaces lose contact
apposition
fragments of fracture may be tilted or angulated in relation to each other. May lead to malalignment and deformity of limb
alignment
bone looks straight but limb ends up w/ a rotational deformity
rotation
fragments may be distracted, separated or overlapped due to mm spasm. Shortening of bone
length
4 stages of bone healing
- inflammation
- reparative
- modeling
- remodeling
healing stage w/ hematoma formation around fracture. W/in 8 hours of injury
inflammation stage
healing stage w/ proliferating cells (blasts) start to form callus. Fracture unites at this stage. 7-10 days s/p
reparative stage (soft callus)
healing stage where soft callus is ossified to become hard callus. Bone disorganized and weak. 6-8 weeks s/p
modeling stage (hard callus)
healing stage where hard callus is remodeled into stronger, normal bone. Continuous resorption and formation. Up to 1 year s/p
remodeling stage
a decrease in blood flow and perfusion throughout body. Can be life threatening. More common in LE and pelvic fractures
shock
fracture tx where distal part of limb is pulled in the line of bone. No skin cut open
closed reduction
reasons for internal fixation (3)
- pathological fractures
- multiple fractures
- poor union
pelvic fractures are often externally fixated b/c they often cannot be…
controlled by other methods
post immobilization tx
- ROM
- strength
- functional activities
distal radial fracture from FOOSH
colle’s fracture
distal radial fracture from falling on flexed hand. reverse colle’s
smith’s fracture
most common carpal fracture occurs at the anatomical snuff box. FOOSH
scaphoid fracture
PT tx usually begins…
post fracture healing
