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Neurology > Spinal Reflexes > Flashcards

Spinal Reflexes Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two types of muscle fibers?

A

Intrafusal and extrafusal

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1
Q

If you increase the length of a muscle you cause it to contract via negative feedback that maintains muscle length describes what?

A

Tendon stretch myotatic

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2
Q

Intrafusal fibers contain what type of motor neuron?

A

Gamma motor neuron

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3
Q

Extrafusal fibers contain what type of motor neurons?

A

Alpha motor neurons

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4
Q

What are the two types of extrafusal muscle fibers?

A

Type I and type II

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5
Q

Slow twitch aerobic fibers describe what kind of fibers?

A

Type I

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6
Q

Fast twitch anaerobic fibers describe what kind of fibers?

A

Type II

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7
Q

All neurons that innervate a muscle (including alpha and gamma motor neurons) describe what?

A

Motor neuron pool

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8
Q

All muscle fibers that are innervated by an alpha motor unit describe what?

A

Motor unit

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9
Q

Small neurons have a lower threshold for synaptic inputs describes what?

A

Size principle

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10
Q

What are the smallest motor neurons, first ones recruited, innervate intrafusal muscle fibers which produce negligible force, don’t fatigue?

A

Gamma motor neurons

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11
Q

What neurons innervate type I muscle fibers, produce small force, don’t fatigue?

A

Small alpha motor neuron

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12
Q

What neuron innervates type II muscle fibers, produce large force, fatigue rapidly?

A

Large alpha motor neuron

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13
Q

What give information about the position of the body in space?

A

Propioceptors

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14
Q

What measure muscle length and the velocity of shortening?

A

Muscle spindles

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15
Q

What measures muscle force?

A

Golgi tendon organs

16
Q

What measures the angles of joints?

A

Joint angle receptors

17
Q

What type of muscle fibers have muscle spindles w/ cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia that synapse in the spinal cord?

A

Intrafusal muscle fibers

18
Q

What are the two types of intrafusal muscle fibers?

A

Static and dynamic

19
Q

What are the two types of muscle spindle receptors?

A

Primary and secondary

20
Q

What type of spindle receptors are wrapped around static and dynamic intrafusal muscle fibers, type Ia fibers?

A

Primary spindle receptors

21
Q

What type of spindle receptors wrap around only static intrafusal muscle fibers, type II fibers?

A

Secondary spindle receptors

22
Q

What type of muscle fiber gives information about velocity and length?

A

Type Ia

23
Q

What type of muscle fiber gives information about length only?

A

Type II

24
Q

What controls the sensitivity of spindle receptors?

A

Gamma motor neurons

25
Q

What modulate the stretch reflex but are not directly apart of it, exist in the tendon of the muscle, are situated in a good position to measure force, and are sensitive to active contraction?

A

Golgi tendon organs

26
Q

What are primarily involved in the stretch reflex?

A

Muscle spindles

27
Q

An increase in muscle length leads to an increase in muscle firing leads to an increase in activity of the alpha motor neuron which leads to contraction describes what?

A

Homonymous stretch reflex

28
Q

In the homonymous stretch reflex afferents control what?

A

Spindle fibers

29
Q

In the homonymous stretch reflex efferents control what?

A

Alpha motor neurons

30
Q

What is important for muscle tone and can induce spasticity?

A

Homonymous stretch reflex

31
Q

Low threshold gamma interneurons fire, activation of intrafusal muscle fibers which stretch muscle spindle, increase activity of spindle fibers, combination of spindle afferents with w/ descending alpha neuron afferents bring neuron to threshold, contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers describes what?

A

Alpha gamma co activation -voluntary movement

32
Q

What type of muscles increase the activity of the stretch reflex on each other?

A

Synergists

33
Q

What type of muscles decrease the activity of the stretch reflex on each other?

A

Antagonistic muscles

34
Q

Interneuron GABA release that activates GABAb receptor which blocks calcium channel in presynaptic junction describes what?

A

Antagonistic muscle decreased reflex

35
Q

What GABAb agonist decrease stretch reflexes and motor spasticity?

A

Baclofen

Neurology (16 decks)

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