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Neurology > Sensory Transduction > Flashcards

Sensory Transduction Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 different receptor systems?

A

Exteroceptors, interoceptors, propioceptors, nociceptors

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1
Q

Changing the form of energy is known as what?

A

Transduction

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2
Q

What type of receptor is sensitive to external energy impinging on the body?

A

Exteroceptors

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3
Q

What type of receptors gives us information about the position of the body in space?

A

Propioceptors

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4
Q

What type of receptors are sensitive to harmful stimuli?

A

Nociceptors

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5
Q

Moving the object closer causes the image to move where in relation to the lens?

A

Further behind

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6
Q

The thickening of the lens, making it more powerful with a short focal length is known as what?

A

Accommodation

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7
Q

What are the two receptor systems in the eye?

A

Foveal and extrafoveal

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8
Q

What eye receptor uses cones?

A

Foveal

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9
Q

What eye receptor uses rods?

A

Extrafoveal

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10
Q

What receptor has a high acuity, low sensitivity and detects the red green and blue wavelengths?

A

Foveal

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11
Q

What receptor has a low acuity, high sensitivity and detects only the blue wavelength?

A

Extrafoveal

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12
Q

How much of a dB loss do sound waves undergo going from air to water?

A

30dB loss or 95%

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13
Q

To compensate for loss in sound transmission what does the body do?

A

Amplification (compensation)

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14
Q

What are the 2 amplification systems of the ear?

A

External ear canal and action of ossicles in middle ear

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15
Q

External ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure?

A

+12 dB increase

16
Q

The middle ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure via the lever action of the ossicles and the concentrating effect of the tympanic membrane being larger than the oval window?

A

+30dB increase

17
Q

In the Rinnes test what normally gives the loudest sound?

A

Air

18
Q

In the Rinnes test with conductive nerve deafness what gives the best response?

A

Bone

19
Q

What is the width of the base of the place code?

A

0.04mm

20
Q

What is the width of the apex of the place code?

A

0.4mm

21
Q

What part of the place code is stiff can vibrate fast and good for high pitched sounds?

A

Base

22
Q

What part of the place code is flexible and good for low pitch/frequency sounds?

A

Apex

23
Q

When are rods depolarized?

A

In the dark

24
Q

When are rods hyperpolarized?

A

In the light

25
Q

What is the G protein coupled receptor primarily found in rods?

A

Rhodopsin

26
Q

What binds rhodopsin that results in the closing of a cyclic GMP gated channel which leads to hyperpolarization?

A

Photon

27
Q

What is the 2nd messenger that is responsible for the slow response in the visual system that is converted to 5’ GMP by phospodiesterase PDE?

A

Cyclic GMP

28
Q

What has a high hyperpolarized receptor potential where a single photon can close many channels, and a graded potential the more photons the more it will hyperpolarize?

A

Rhodopsin

29
Q

What structures located in the basilar membrane are responsible for converting a sound pressure wave into an electrical signal?

A

Hair cells

30
Q

What has bent cilia (hairs) which upon a compression wave causes stretch operated channels to be open and cells to depolarize and is very sensitive and fast?

A

Hair cells

31
Q

Noticeable differences for perception are geometric is defined as what?

A

Weber’s law

32
Q

What are the advantages of geometric perception?

A

Gives a wide range of perception

33
Q

Sensitivity to change in time that usually results in a strong initial response and a lesser continued response refers to what?

A

Temporal boundaries

34
Q

Touch receptors which have lateral inhibitory branches that travel to neighboring receptors and inhibit them during stimulation which equals very good two point discrimination is an example of what?

A

Spatial boundaries

35
Q

What is the pathology when the eye is too long, could have a detached retina, and the image is produced infront of the retina and can be corrected by a diverging lens that lengthens the focal length?

A

Myopia - nearsightedness

36
Q

What is the pathology when the eye is too short, increases pressure with a high glaucoma incidence, image is projected behind the retina and can be corrected by a converging lens?

A

Hyperopia - farsightedness

37
Q

What does damage at the base of the basilar membrane and can make it hard to hear consonants?

A

Earbuds with loud music

Neurology (16 decks)

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