Sensory Transduction Flashcards
What are the 4 different receptor systems?
Exteroceptors, interoceptors, propioceptors, nociceptors
Changing the form of energy is known as what?
Transduction
What type of receptor is sensitive to external energy impinging on the body?
Exteroceptors
What type of receptors gives us information about the position of the body in space?
Propioceptors
What type of receptors are sensitive to harmful stimuli?
Nociceptors
Moving the object closer causes the image to move where in relation to the lens?
Further behind
The thickening of the lens, making it more powerful with a short focal length is known as what?
Accommodation
What are the two receptor systems in the eye?
Foveal and extrafoveal
What eye receptor uses cones?
Foveal
What eye receptor uses rods?
Extrafoveal
What receptor has a high acuity, low sensitivity and detects the red green and blue wavelengths?
Foveal
What receptor has a low acuity, high sensitivity and detects only the blue wavelength?
Extrafoveal
How much of a dB loss do sound waves undergo going from air to water?
30dB loss or 95%
To compensate for loss in sound transmission what does the body do?
Amplification (compensation)
What are the 2 amplification systems of the ear?
External ear canal and action of ossicles in middle ear
External ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure?
+12 dB increase
The middle ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure via the lever action of the ossicles and the concentrating effect of the tympanic membrane being larger than the oval window?
+30dB increase
In the Rinnes test what normally gives the loudest sound?
Air
In the Rinnes test with conductive nerve deafness what gives the best response?
Bone
What is the width of the base of the place code?
0.04mm
What is the width of the apex of the place code?
0.4mm
What part of the place code is stiff can vibrate fast and good for high pitched sounds?
Base
What part of the place code is flexible and good for low pitch/frequency sounds?
Apex
When are rods depolarized?
In the dark
When are rods hyperpolarized?
In the light
What is the G protein coupled receptor primarily found in rods?
Rhodopsin
What binds rhodopsin that results in the closing of a cyclic GMP gated channel which leads to hyperpolarization?
Photon
What is the 2nd messenger that is responsible for the slow response in the visual system that is converted to 5’ GMP by phospodiesterase PDE?
Cyclic GMP
What has a high hyperpolarized receptor potential where a single photon can close many channels, and a graded potential the more photons the more it will hyperpolarize?
Rhodopsin
What structures located in the basilar membrane are responsible for converting a sound pressure wave into an electrical signal?
Hair cells
What has bent cilia (hairs) which upon a compression wave causes stretch operated channels to be open and cells to depolarize and is very sensitive and fast?
Hair cells
Noticeable differences for perception are geometric is defined as what?
Weber’s law
What are the advantages of geometric perception?
Gives a wide range of perception
Sensitivity to change in time that usually results in a strong initial response and a lesser continued response refers to what?
Temporal boundaries
Touch receptors which have lateral inhibitory branches that travel to neighboring receptors and inhibit them during stimulation which equals very good two point discrimination is an example of what?
Spatial boundaries
What is the pathology when the eye is too long, could have a detached retina, and the image is produced infront of the retina and can be corrected by a diverging lens that lengthens the focal length?
Myopia - nearsightedness
What is the pathology when the eye is too short, increases pressure with a high glaucoma incidence, image is projected behind the retina and can be corrected by a converging lens?
Hyperopia - farsightedness
What does damage at the base of the basilar membrane and can make it hard to hear consonants?
Earbuds with loud music
