Sensory Transduction

Question 0

What are the 4 different receptor systems?

Answer 0

Exteroceptors, interoceptors, propioceptors, nociceptors

Question 1

Changing the form of energy is known as what?

Answer 1

Transduction

Question 2

What type of receptor is sensitive to external energy impinging on the body?

Answer 2

Exteroceptors

Question 3

What type of receptors gives us information about the position of the body in space?

Answer 3

Propioceptors

Question 4

What type of receptors are sensitive to harmful stimuli?

Answer 4

Nociceptors

Question 5

Moving the object closer causes the image to move where in relation to the lens?

Answer 5

Further behind

Question 6

The thickening of the lens, making it more powerful with a short focal length is known as what?

Answer 6

Accommodation

Question 7

What are the two receptor systems in the eye?

Answer 7

Foveal and extrafoveal

Question 8

What eye receptor uses cones?

Answer 8

Foveal

Question 9

What eye receptor uses rods?

Answer 9

Extrafoveal

Question 10

What receptor has a high acuity, low sensitivity and detects the red green and blue wavelengths?

Answer 10

Foveal

Question 11

What receptor has a low acuity, high sensitivity and detects only the blue wavelength?

Answer 11

Extrafoveal

Question 12

How much of a dB loss do sound waves undergo going from air to water?

Answer 12

30dB loss or 95%

Question 13

To compensate for loss in sound transmission what does the body do?

Answer 13

Amplification (compensation)

Question 14

What are the 2 amplification systems of the ear?

Answer 14

External ear canal and action of ossicles in middle ear

Question 15

External ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure?

Answer 15

+12 dB increase

Question 16

The middle ear causes how much dB increase in sound pressure via the lever action of the ossicles and the concentrating effect of the tympanic membrane being larger than the oval window?

Answer 16

+30dB increase

Question 17

In the Rinnes test what normally gives the loudest sound?

Answer 17

Air

Question 18

In the Rinnes test with conductive nerve deafness what gives the best response?

Answer 18

Bone

Question 19

What is the width of the base of the place code?

Answer 19

0.04mm

Question 20

What is the width of the apex of the place code?

Answer 20

0.4mm

Question 21

What part of the place code is stiff can vibrate fast and good for high pitched sounds?

Answer 21

Base

Question 22

What part of the place code is flexible and good for low pitch/frequency sounds?

Answer 22

Apex

Question 23

When are rods depolarized?

Answer 23

In the dark

Question 24

When are rods hyperpolarized?

Answer 24

In the light

Question 25

What is the G protein coupled receptor primarily found in rods?

Answer 25

Rhodopsin

Question 26

What binds rhodopsin that results in the closing of a cyclic GMP gated channel which leads to hyperpolarization?

Answer 26

Photon

Question 27

What is the 2nd messenger that is responsible for the slow response in the visual system that is converted to 5' GMP by phospodiesterase PDE?

Answer 27

Cyclic GMP

Question 28

What has a high hyperpolarized receptor potential where a single photon can close many channels, and a graded potential the more photons the more it will hyperpolarize?

Answer 28

Rhodopsin

Question 29

What structures located in the basilar membrane are responsible for converting a sound pressure wave into an electrical signal?

Answer 29

Hair cells

Question 30

What has bent cilia (hairs) which upon a compression wave causes stretch operated channels to be open and cells to depolarize and is very sensitive and fast?

Answer 30

Hair cells

Question 31

Noticeable differences for perception are geometric is defined as what?

Answer 31

Weber's law

Question 32

What are the advantages of geometric perception?

Answer 32

Gives a wide range of perception

Question 33

Sensitivity to change in time that usually results in a strong initial response and a lesser continued response refers to what?

Answer 33

Temporal boundaries

Question 34

Touch receptors which have lateral inhibitory branches that travel to neighboring receptors and inhibit them during stimulation which equals very good two point discrimination is an example of what?

Answer 34

Spatial boundaries

Question 35

What is the pathology when the eye is too long, could have a detached retina, and the image is produced infront of the retina and can be corrected by a diverging lens that lengthens the focal length?

Answer 35

Myopia - nearsightedness

Question 36

What is the pathology when the eye is too short, increases pressure with a high glaucoma incidence, image is projected behind the retina and can be corrected by a converging lens?

Answer 36

Hyperopia - farsightedness

Question 37

What does damage at the base of the basilar membrane and can make it hard to hear consonants?

Answer 37

Earbuds with loud music