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Neurology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What mediates the fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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1
Q

What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

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2
Q

What mediates the rest and digest response?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the eyes?

A

Pupil dilation - increased acuity

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4
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the skin?

A

Vasoconstriction (skin appear pale), hair stand on end, sweaty

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5
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the heart?

A

Increased heart rate, increased cardiac output

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6
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the lungs?

A

Bronchodilation - max air exchange

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7
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Decreased motility

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8
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the kidneys?

A

Constrict renal vessels, decrease urine production

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9
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the liver?

A

Glycogen breakdown, increased availability of glucose

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10
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the reproductive organs?

A

Ejaculation

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11
Q

What is the effect of the SNS on the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenaline release

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12
Q

What is the basic plan of the ANS?

A

Preganglionic neuron (in spinal cord), ganglion, post ganglionic neuron

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13
Q

What type of neuron, pre or post ganglionic, is characterized by myelinated axons and fast conductance?

A

Preganglionic neuron

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14
Q

What type of neuron, pre or post ganglionic, is characterized by unmyelinated axons and slow conductance?

A

Post ganglionic neurons

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15
Q

A collection of nerve bodies located outside the CNS describes what?

A

Ganglion

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16
Q

Collections of neurons running together associated with glia and often blood vessels describes what?

A

Nerve

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17
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of the SNS are found at what spinal cord levels?

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Afferent sensory information returns through which part of the spinal column?

A

Dorsal horns

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19
Q

Efferent information goes out through which part of the spinal column?

A

Ventral horns

20
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic cell bodies are found in what structure?

A

IML (T1-L2)

21
Q

What is a bilateral continuous formation of paravertebral sympathetic ganglia that runs along both sides of the whole spinal cord?

A

Sympathetic chain

22
Q

Preganglionic neurons travel through what structure to relay information from the CNS to the sympathetic chain?

A

White ramus communicans

23
Q

What structure relays info from post ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic trunk to the target organ?

A

Grey ramus communicans

24
Q

What is the basic anatomy of the SNS?

A

Thoraco-lumbar origins, short Preganglionic neuron, long post ganglionic neuron

25
Q

What are three possible targets of sympathetics in the body wall and limbs?

A

Peripheral arteries, sweat glands, hair follicles

26
Q

What run the entire length of the spinal cord, are unmyelinated post ganglionic sympathetic neurons and connect from sympathetic chain ganglia back to spinal nerves?

A

Gray ramus communicans

27
Q

What are limited to thoraco-lumbar distribution, myelinated Preganglionic sympathetic neurons and connect from spinal nerves to sympathetic chain ganglia?

A

White ramus communicans

28
Q

What is the top ganglion in the sympathetic chain?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

29
Q

Sympathetics follow what artery to reach the eye and sweat glands in the head?

A

Carotid artery (carotid periarterial plexus)

30
Q

To reach the thoracic viscera post ganglionic sympathetic fibers travel through what nerves?

A

Short cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

31
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons to what region don’t synapse in the sympathetic chain?

A

Abdominal viscera

32
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons to the abdominal viscera that follow branches of the abdominal aorta to their targets are known as what?

A

Long abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas and spleen?

A

Celiac ganglion

34
Q

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the kidney and suprarenal (adrenal) gland?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

35
Q

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the small intestine and the proximal part of the large intestine?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglion

36
Q

What sympathetic ganglion supplies the penis/clitoris, bladder, gonad, distal part of large intestine, rectum and internal anal sphincter?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

37
Q

What are the names of the prevertebral (preaortal) ganglia?

A

Celiac, aorticorenal, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

38
Q

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the celiac ganglia?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve

39
Q

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the superior mesenteric ganglia?

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve

40
Q

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the inferior mesenteric ganglia?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerve

41
Q

What is the Preganglionic sympathetic nerve that travels to the aorticorenal ganglia?

A

Lesser and least splanchnic nerve

42
Q

Sympathetic innervation of what organ does not require a post ganglionic neuron?

A

Adrenal (suprarenal) glands

43
Q

In the adrenal (suprarenal) glands what are analogous to post ganglionic sympathetics?

A

Chromaffin cells

44
Q

What release epinephrine into the blood stream, contain no axons but do contain secretory granules?

A

Chromaffin cells

45
Q

What is essentially a large and specialized prevertebral sympathetic ganglion?

A

Adrenals/suprarenals

46
Q

Steroids are found within what structure of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex

47
Q

Epinephrine is found within what structure of the adrenal glands?

A

Medulla

48
Q

What synapses on chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

A

Cholinergic Preganglionic terminals

Neurology (16 decks)

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