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Neurology > Autonomic Adrenergic Physiology > Flashcards

Autonomic Adrenergic Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Noreprinephrine is an example of what?

A

Catecholamine

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1
Q

What is the predominant transferable chemical mediator released from postneuronal sympathetic neurons?

A

Norepinephrine

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2
Q

Norepinephrine is synthesized from what using dopamine beta hydroxylase?

A

Dopamine

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3
Q

Dopamine is synthesized from what using aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC)?

A

L-Dopa

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4
Q

L-Dopa is synthesized from what using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)?

A

Tyrosine

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5
Q

Almost all sympathetic postganglionics release what?

A

Norepinephrine

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6
Q

NE acts on what coupled to a second messenger system to influence target tissues?

A

Adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta subtypes)

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7
Q

Intracellular biochemical cascades, couple effects of receptor binding to cellular effects, amplification, recruitment of multiple effectors and relatively slow sustained response describes what?

A

Target cell response by adrenergic receptors

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8
Q

Do adrenoreceptors use the same pathways as muscarinic receptors?

A

Yes!

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9
Q

What type of adrenoreceptor causes smooth muscle contraction ex: vasculature, iris?

A

Alpha1 (a1) receptor

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10
Q

What G protein is used in the a1 adrenoreceptor pathway?

A

Gq

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11
Q

Gq stimulates what to form the second messenger IP3?

A

Phospholipase C system

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12
Q

What type of adrenoreceptor stimulate the heart?

A

Beta1 (B1)

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13
Q

What G protein is used in the B1 adrenoreceptor pathway?

A

Gs

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14
Q

Gs stimulates what transmembrane protein to convert ATP into the second messenger cAMP?

A

Adenylate cyclase

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15
Q

PKA induces what in the b1 adrenergic pathway?

A

Increased intracellular Ca+

16
Q

What adrenergic receptor causes smooth muscle relaxation ex: lungs and gut?

A

Beta 2 (B2) receptors

17
Q

cAMP has what affect on the heart via B1 receptors?

A

Stimulative

18
Q

cAMP has what effect on smooth muscles via B2 receptors?

A

Inhibitory

19
Q

What inhibits adenylate cyclase, found on presynaptic terminals and inhibits transmitter release?

A

Alpha 2 (A2) receptors

20
Q

What stimulates phospholipase C and functions in the brown fat and colon?

A

Beta 3 (B3) receptors

21
Q

Adrenergic A1 receptors contract what smooth muscle in the eye leading to pupil dilation?

A

Radial fibers

22
Q

Sympathetics via hypogastric nerves synapse on what 2 parts of the bladder?

A

Fundus and trigone

23
Q

What receptor contracts the bladder trigone?

A

A1

24
Q

What receptor relaxes the bladder Fundus?

A

B2

25
Q

What receptors regulate NE stimulation and down play overly strong input to the heart by reducing the amount of neurotransmitter (NE) released?

A

Alpha 2 (A2) receptors

26
Q

What receptors stimulate phospholipase C

A

A1 and B3

27
Q

What receptors stimulate adenylate cyclase?

A

A2,B1 and B2

28
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic release what neurotransmitter to sweat glands and fibers to blood vessels in skeletal muscle?

A

ACh

29
Q

Sympathetics utilize what type of receptors in the skin for sweat secretion?

A

Muscarinic receptors

30
Q

Re uptake into nerve terminals, uptake at extra neural sites after diffusion out of Junctional cleft and metabolic transformation ( monoamine oxidase - MAO-A and MAO-B, Catechol-O-methyltransferase COMT) describes what?

A

Termination of NE action

31
Q

What catecholamine released into circulation stimulates adrenergic receptors?

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

What are analogous to post ganglionic sympathetic neurons and are specialized to release epinephrine and small amounts of NE into the blood stream?

A

Chromaffin cells

33
Q

What sympathetic neurotransmitter acts more strongly on beta receptors?

A

Epinephrine

34
Q

What sympathetic neurotransmitter acts more strongly on alpha receptors?

A

Norepinephrine

35
Q

Can epinephrine act on both A and B receptors?

A

Yes! ( epi has some selectivity for B receptors while NE has some selectivity for A receptors)

36
Q

In renal vasculature dopamine is secreted from where?

A

Proximal tube

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