Autonomic Adrenergic Physiology

Question 0

Noreprinephrine is an example of what?

Answer 0

Catecholamine

Question 1

What is the predominant transferable chemical mediator released from postneuronal sympathetic neurons?

Answer 1

Norepinephrine

Question 2

Norepinephrine is synthesized from what using dopamine beta hydroxylase?

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

Dopamine is synthesized from what using aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC)?

Answer 3

L-Dopa

Question 4

L-Dopa is synthesized from what using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)?

Answer 4

Tyrosine

Question 5

Almost all sympathetic postganglionics release what?

Answer 5

Norepinephrine

Question 6

NE acts on what coupled to a second messenger system to influence target tissues?

Answer 6

Adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta subtypes)

Question 7

Intracellular biochemical cascades, couple effects of receptor binding to cellular effects, amplification, recruitment of multiple effectors and relatively slow sustained response describes what?

Answer 7

Target cell response by adrenergic receptors

Question 8

Do adrenoreceptors use the same pathways as muscarinic receptors?

Answer 8

Yes!

Question 9

What type of adrenoreceptor causes smooth muscle contraction ex: vasculature, iris?

Answer 9

Alpha1 (a1) receptor

Question 10

What G protein is used in the a1 adrenoreceptor pathway?

Answer 10

Gq

Question 11

Gq stimulates what to form the second messenger IP3?

Answer 11

Phospholipase C system

Question 12

What type of adrenoreceptor stimulate the heart?

Answer 12

Beta1 (B1)

Question 13

What G protein is used in the B1 adrenoreceptor pathway?

Answer 13

Gs

Question 14

Gs stimulates what transmembrane protein to convert ATP into the second messenger cAMP?

Answer 14

Adenylate cyclase

Question 15

PKA induces what in the b1 adrenergic pathway?

Answer 15

Increased intracellular Ca+

Question 16

What adrenergic receptor causes smooth muscle relaxation ex: lungs and gut?

Answer 16

Beta 2 (B2) receptors

Question 17

cAMP has what affect on the heart via B1 receptors?

Answer 17

Stimulative

Question 18

cAMP has what effect on smooth muscles via B2 receptors?

Answer 18

Inhibitory

Question 19

What inhibits adenylate cyclase, found on presynaptic terminals and inhibits transmitter release?

Answer 19

Alpha 2 (A2) receptors

Question 20

What stimulates phospholipase C and functions in the brown fat and colon?

Answer 20

Beta 3 (B3) receptors

Question 21

Adrenergic A1 receptors contract what smooth muscle in the eye leading to pupil dilation?

Answer 21

Radial fibers

Question 22

Sympathetics via hypogastric nerves synapse on what 2 parts of the bladder?

Answer 22

Fundus and trigone

Question 23

What receptor contracts the bladder trigone?

Answer 23

A1

Question 24

What receptor relaxes the bladder Fundus?

Answer 24

B2

Question 25

What receptors regulate NE stimulation and down play overly strong input to the heart by reducing the amount of neurotransmitter (NE) released?

Answer 25

Alpha 2 (A2) receptors

Question 26

What receptors stimulate phospholipase C

Answer 26

A1 and B3

Question 27

What receptors stimulate adenylate cyclase?

Answer 27

A2,B1 and B2

Question 28

Sympathetic postganglionic release what neurotransmitter to sweat glands and fibers to blood vessels in skeletal muscle?

Answer 28

ACh

Question 29

Sympathetics utilize what type of receptors in the skin for sweat secretion?

Answer 29

Muscarinic receptors

Question 30

Re uptake into nerve terminals, uptake at extra neural sites after diffusion out of Junctional cleft and metabolic transformation ( monoamine oxidase - MAO-A and MAO-B, Catechol-O-methyltransferase COMT) describes what?

Answer 30

Termination of NE action

Question 31

What catecholamine released into circulation stimulates adrenergic receptors?

Answer 31

Epinephrine

Question 32

What are analogous to post ganglionic sympathetic neurons and are specialized to release epinephrine and small amounts of NE into the blood stream?

Answer 32

Chromaffin cells

Question 33

What sympathetic neurotransmitter acts more strongly on beta receptors?

Answer 33

Epinephrine

Question 34

What sympathetic neurotransmitter acts more strongly on alpha receptors?

Answer 34

Norepinephrine

Question 35

Can epinephrine act on both A and B receptors?

Answer 35

Yes! ( epi has some selectivity for B receptors while NE has some selectivity for A receptors)

Question 36

In renal vasculature dopamine is secreted from where?

Answer 36

Proximal tube