Spinal nerves and ANS Flashcards by Toni Carter

The PNS is made of ___ and ____ nerves, but we are focusing on the former for now.

spinal and cranial

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The Spinal cord (____) is organized into ___ levels, with a pair of spinal nerves (_____) emerging from each level. There are _ cervical spinal cord levels and _ sets of C spinal nerves;

There are __ thoracic levels&nerve pairs

There are __ lumbar spinal cord levels and nerve pairs

There are ___ sacral levels and nerve pairs

There are ___ coccygeal levels and nerve pairs.

The spinal cord is _____ than the vetebral column

CNS

PNS

shorter

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The adult vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae arranged in ____ regions. Say region name and number:

5 regions

7 cervical,

12 thoracic,

5 lumbar,

5 sacral (fused)

4 coccygeal (fused).

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What is the Arrow pointing to and what is it’s significance ?

Intervetebral foramen

the spinal nerves exit through here

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A good rule of thumb for naming spinal nerves is that C1-C7 are named for the vetebra ____ to their exit while C8 is between __ and ___ then below C8 all are named for the vertebra _____ to their exit.

inferior
c7 and T1
superior

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In the adult, the spinal cord narrows to form the tapered area called the ____ ____ , which ends at ___ vetebral level. Because of this discrepancy in length between spinal cord and vertebral column, the more caudal nerves are _____ and more _____, forming the ______ ____.

conus medullaris
L1-L2
longer
vertical
cauda equina

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The Cauda Equina is housed in a widened area of the ______ ____ called the ____ _____. This area is filled with ___ and is the site where a _____ ____ would occur to get a CSF sample or drugs would be administered because no nerve damge would take place. (like stabbing spaghet with a fork aka hard to do)

subarachnoid space
(lumbar cistern)
CSF
Lumbar puncture

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Since the SC is shorter than the vetebral column, is must be stabilized. Extensions of the ___ ____ do this transversly and longitudinally. The _____ ____ will anchor the SC with the VC transversely. The _____ _____ is a pia extension that goes from the _____ ___ to the _______ to anchor is longitudinally.

pia mater

denticulate ligaments

filum terminale

lumbar cistern

coccyx

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Spinal nerves DO NOT go ____ to ____

DO NOT go directly to organs

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Somatic fibers are going to the ____ ____ or ___.

If it is somatic sensory fiber then it is brining info from the?

If it is somatic motor fiber then it is brining info from a?

body wall or the limbs

then it is bringing info from the skin (pain temp, touch

a skeletal muscle.

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Viscera should remind you of what 3 things?

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

glands

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Visceral NS supply things like?

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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You have the same number of spinal cord nerves pairs and?

spinal cord levels

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The _____ ____ is the part of the vertebrae that is antertior and is used for support

vertebral body

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_____ _____ are found between the vertebrae to act as a _____

interveterbral disks

cushion

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Because the spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column, it must be _____, to do this, extensions of ____ ____ are used.

________ _______ anchor the spinal chord transversely with vertebral column; they get their name because they look like ____.

The _____ _____ is a pia extention that goes from ______ _____ to the ____ so it can attach; this anchors the spinal cord longitudinally.

stabilized

pia mater

Denticulate ligaments

teeth

filum terminale

lumbar cistern

coccyx

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How is the cauda equina stabilized?

The nerve roots from the CE are exiting the vetrebal column and since each nerve is going through the interveterbral foramen, they use this as stability

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The filum terminale must pierce the ____ ____ ( the dura mater that continues around the conus medularis) to reach the coccxy

dural sac

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Spinal nerves that are going out to are arms, legs, and trunk are _____ which means they have ____ and _____ fibers

mixed

sensory

somatic

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The dorsal part of the spinal cord is generally more _____ while the ventral part is more _____. So the sensory info is going to come in via the ____ side while motor info is going to leave via the ____- side

dorsal-sensory

ventral-motor

dorsal

ventral

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Label 1-10

intervetebral foramen
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal ramus
true spinal nerve (nerve root)
ventral ramus
ventral root
sympathetic ganglion
sympathtehtic trunk
rami communicans

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When the dorsal and ventral roots come together, they form the _____ ___ ___- this merges at the ____ _____. However, the TSN is very ____. It will branch into the ___ and ____ ____; both rami are ___.

true spinal nerve

intervetebral foramen

short

dorsal and ventral rami

mixed

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Sometimes the ventral ramus gives off sensory branches called ______ branches that go to the ___

cutaneuous

skin

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The dorsal ramus will supply the ____, the ___ ____, and any _____ in the back. The dorsal rami remain seperate or ____. There is a dorsal rumus for ___ ____ ____, and since they are seperate, it’s like stripes on your back.

skin

skeletal muscles

vascularture

segmented

each spinal nerve

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The ventral rami of the _____ nerves remain segmental

thoracic

Some ventral rami are going to ___ and form a \_\_\_\_. ____ \_\_\_ come out of a plexus. Having a plexus is kinda like having _____ to help if something gets damaged.

merge plexus periphreal nerves back up

What is a dermatome?

Dermatome: a strip of skin supplied by sensory branches of dorsal and ventral rami from **one** spinal cord level

\_\_\_dermatome is at the level of the nipple \_\_\_\_ is at the level of the belly button

T4 T10

The limbs also have dermatomes too but they are not as clean due to the way the limbs develop. Fibers from a single spinal cord level in the limbs may be carried by several ____ \_\_\_\_ arising from a\_\_\_\_\_

several peripheral nerves plexus

For example, C6 fibers may be carried in more than one ____ \_\_\_\_ that are distinct branches from a \_\_\_\_\_.

Periphreal nerve plexus

What is radiculopathy?

compression or inflammation of the nerve root or true spinal nerve

What is a myotome?

Groups of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

Viruses that infect spinal nerves, such as _____ \_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_) infections , can reveal their origin by showing up as a painful dermatomic area. In fact, this virus can lay dormant in the ____ \_\_\_\_ ___ and migrate along the ____ \_\_\_\_ to affect only the area of skin served by that nerve.

herpes zoster shingles dorsal root ganglion spinal nerve

What is the motor component of the Visceral nervous sytem called? This is a motor system which means the signal originates in the ___ \_\_ ____ and moves out to a target. What are the targets(3)?

Autonomic NS CNS Cardiac muscle smooth muscle glands

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic NS? describe each generally:

Parasympathetic- Rest and Digest Sympathatic- Fight or Flight

Visceral sensory organs are necessary to detect ____ (or other things that are wrong) in internal organs

stretch (dissention)

The cell bodies for motor neurons are housed where?

The ventral horn of the spinal cord (GRAY MATTER)

Sensory is _____ and motor is \_\_\_\_\_

afferent efferent

Somatic sensory (afferent) fibers bring input to ___ from skin or skeletal muscle. The cell bodies are housed in the ___ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_or spinal ganglion. No _____ will occur in the **sensory** ganglia.

* CNS * Skin * Skeletal Muscle * dorsal root ganglia * synapses

When a muscle tendon is tapped briskly, the muscle immediately contracts due to a two-neuron reflex arc involving the spinal segment that innervates the muscle. First, a ____ neuron will get the info and synapse with a _____ neuron to perform movement. This allows you check on all nerves involved.

sensory motor

Visceral sensory neurons will detect things like ____ or __ \_\_ in _____ \_\_\_\_\_, ____ \_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_. First, it will get the info and transfer it to the \_\_\_\_. It's cell body is housed in the _____ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.

stretch tissue damage cardiac muscle smooth muscle glands dorsal root ganglion

Autonomic ganglion (_do/don't_) have synapses.

What visceral system does the yellow line represent? Where is its cell body gonna be located? What system do the pink and red lines represent? Name each neuron and tell me where the first both cell bodies are kept. What is the postgang going to innervate?

The visceral sensory system DRG the visceral motor system Red is preganglionic with its cell body in the CNS the pink is post ganglionic and the cell body is in an autonomic ganglion glanglion, cardiac or smooth muscle

What are the 3 types of autonomic ganglia?

paravertebral ganglia (the sym. trunk/chain) prevetebral ganglia intramural ganglia(terminal ganglia)

The paravetebral ganglia or the ___ \_\_\_ is for ____ \_\_\_ only. Here ______ \_\_\_\_\_ neurons can synapse on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. These neurons will innervate the ___ \_\_\_, \_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_.

sympathetic trunk sympathetic ANS pregang sympathetic postganglionic sympathetic neurons body wall, limbs, or thorax

The prevetebral ganglia are used for only for the ____ division of the ANS and have neurons that can innervate the ____ and ____ targets.

Sympathetic pelvis abdomen

The visceral parasympathetic neurons will synapse in the ______ \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_) that is close to the target organ. These targets are in the \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_. _____ parasympathetic synapses will occur here.

Intramural ganglia terminal ganglia thorax abdomen pelvis MOST

Preganglionic cell bodiesor the **sympathetic** division of the ANS are localized in the ____ \_\_\_\_ ____ of the spinal cord from segments \_\_\__-_\_\_\_ **only**. It is referred to as being ______ in distribution.

* intermediolateral grey horn (lateral) * T1-L2 * thoracolumbar

So a preganglionic sympathetic cell body is always going to begin in the ____ no matter where it is going, then it will send its axon out through the ___ \_\_\_. If it is going to supply the body wall, limbs, or thorax and needs off within the T1-L2 area, the axon will need to travel througha ___ \_\_\_ to get into the ______ \_\_\_\_. Next, the neuron will ____ with a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ neuron. To get back into the spinal nerve, the axon of the post gang. neuron needs to take a ___ \_\_\_ as an exit ramp. Now, this nerve can innervate a gland or smooth muscle in the target areas.

IML (intermediolateral gray horn) ventral root white ramus (white ramus communicans) paravetebral ganglia (sym trunk) synapse postgang. sympathetic gray ramus

A white ramus is _____ whereas a gray ramus is not.

myelinated

What rami are only found within the levels of \_\_\_-\_\_\_. gray rami are found at ___ vetebral level of the spinal cord that has a ____ \_\_\_.

T1-L2 Every synpathetic ganglion

To get ________ nerves above or below \_\_-\_\_, the neuron would take a white ramus to enter the sympathetic trunk, then it would ascend or descend to the appropriate level before it synapses. The postganglionic neurons takes a gray ramus out into the spinal nerve.

sympathetic T1-L2

To get a sympathetic nerve to an organ, the preganglionic sympathatic cell body starts in the \_\_\_, and the axon travels through the ___ \_\_\_ and the ___ \_\_\_ ___ then takes a __ \_\_\_ to the _____ \_\_\_\_ and synapses with a ____ \_\_\_\_\_ neuron. To get to an organ, the axon of the postgang. neuron will travel ____ through a ____ \_\_\_ \_\_\_.

IML ventral root true spinal nerve white ramus paravetebral ganglion postganglion sympathetic medially sympathetic splanchnich nerve

Splanchnich nerves travel to ____ \_\_\_

Internal organs

To get sympathetic nerves to the abdomen and pelvis, the cell body will start in the ___ of the ___ \_\_\_ then the axon will exit the ___ \_\_\_ through the ___ \_\_ ___ and take a white ramus to enter the ____ \_\_\_\_. HOWEVER! It __ **_\_\_\__** ___ in the sympathatetic trunk , instead, it will take a ____ \_\_\_ to exit the trunk and go to synapse in a ____ \_\_\_\_ usually close to the target. After the synapse, the axon leaves the ganglion and travels in an ___ \_\_\_

IML Gray Horn ventral root true spinal nerve paravetebral ganglion **DOES NOT SYNAPSE** splanchnich nerve preveteberal ganglion autonomic plexus

Cell bodies for the **parasympathetic** division of the ANS are localized in the nuclei of the ___ \_\_\_ and in spinal cord segments \_\_\_-\_\_\_. Because of the cell body placement, the parasym. is referred to as being craniosacral in distribution.

Brain stem segments S2-4. craniosacral

Parasympathetic axons either travel through ____ \_\_\_(III, VII, IX, ____ (\_\_\_)) or

cranial nerves X (vagus)

The \_\_\_\_\_nerve will carry preganglionic parasympathetic axons fibers to its organs of interest where it can synapse in a ___ \_\_. It only supplies the to \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, , and up to the ____ \_\_\_ of the\_\_\_\_\_.

vagus intramural ganglion thorax, abdomen, and and up to the middle part of the colon

The S2-4 parasym. preganglionic fibers will travel out through ____ \_\_\_\_ ____ and will be able to synapse in the ____ \_\_\_

pelvic splanchnich nerves intramural ganglion

\_\_\_\_ ____ neurons carry sensory information (distension, pain) from viscera to the CNS and their cell cell bodies are housed in ____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_. Simulatenously, sensory fibers from areas like the ____ are also coming into the DRG. When something highly stimulating happens, like a heart attack, the cells in the DRG think the pain is also coming from the skin, so you feel pain in the heart and the skin. This is called ____ \_\_\_\_.

Visceral Afferent spinal/dorsal root ganglion skin reffered pain

When visceral afferents are getting info back to the CNS, they travel through the\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_, through a _____ \_\_\_\_, through the\_\_\_\_\_ ____ as an elevator, through a ____ \_\_\_\_\_, then the\_\_\_\_ ____ \_\_\_\_, through the \_\_\_\_where their cell body is housed, and finally synapse in the _____ \_\_\_ or a \_\_\_\_\_.

prevetebral ganglion, splanchnich nerve sympathtic trunk white ramus true spinal nerve DRG dorsal horn faniculi

Spinal nerves and ANS Flashcards

(62 cards)