Intro to CNS CADE Flashcards
The CNS consists of the?
Brain and Spinal Cord
PNS consists of ___ pairs of _____ nerves and ___ pairs of _____ nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
What are the two enlargements in the spinal cord? Why might this be?
- Cervical Enlargement
- Lumbar Enlargement
- upper limbs (cervical) &lower limbs(lumbar), need more neurons because fine sensation in our limbs than we would in our trunk (thoracic area).
Axons are neuron cell processes that ____ _____ to other cells
Neurons are nerve cells specialized for ____ and ____ information to _____ cells
*Dendrites are neuron cell processes that ____ ____
- receiving and transmitting information
- Effector
- *Receive info
- # Send info
_____ insulates the axon because why?
Most motor neurons are classified as ______.
- Myelin
- so the electrical signal will not degrade while traveling down the nerve.
- multipolar
- Communication between neurons occurs at _____.
- Action potentials can cause release of ________.
- Neurotransmitter function can be____ or _____
synapses
NT
excitatory or inhibitory
Glial cells do things like _____ axons with myelin to ensure electrical signal does not degrade over distance and create Bridges between neurons and _____ ______ or the ____ _____ _____.
- insulate
- blood vessels
- BBB
Gray matter is mainly what?
GM is used for?
GM can be found in the ____ _____ and groups of cell bodies in CNS called ______.
Neuronal cells bodies
synaptic communication
cerebral cortex
nuclei
White matter is mainly made of what?
These will Transmit _____ signals over long distances via _____
These pathways can be named what 5 things for WM?
- thousands of myelinated axons
- electrical
- neural pathways
- Funiculus
- Tract
- Fasciculus
- Lemniscus
- Bundle
What are nuclei in the CNS?
discrete clusters of gray matter in the CNS
Most of the synaptic communication between neurons occurs where?
Gray Matter
Pathways whose origin, course, and target remain on the same side of the CNS are termed ______, while those that cross the midline are termed _______.
- ipsilateral
- contralateral
Another type of crossing pathway is a commissure, which connects corresponding regions on each side of _____ or _____ _____.
the brain or spinal cord.
Match colors!
- Blue: Telencephalon (forebrain)
- Purple: Diencephalon
- Red:Medulla (foramen magnum)
- Pink: Spinal Cord
- Yellow: Pons
- Black: Cerebellum (metencephalon)
- Green:
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
What are these Cuts?
1,2&3?
- Transverse
- Coronal
- Sagittal
Pink? Blue? Orange? Green?
P-Occipital Lobe
B- Frontal Lobe
G- Temporal Lobe
O-Pareital
The ______ (forebrain) Has numerous crevices called _____ (_____ are the biggest groves)), with bumps or ridges between them called ______
Telencephalon
sulci
fissures
gyri
1-5?
- Midbrain
- Cerebral peduncle
- Inter-peduncular fossa
- Superior colliculus
- Inferior colliculus
1-5 & #5. connects what to what?
- cranial nerve V
- Middle Cerebellar peduncle
- Pons
- cranial nerve V
- Middle Cerebellar Peduncle- connects Pons to cerebellum
1-5 & what should these words remind you of?
- Medulla
- Olive
- Pyramid
- Fasciculus cuneatus
- Fasciculus gracilis
- Fasciculus=WM
1-4
- Lateral Sulci
- Anterior Median Fissure
- Posterioir Median sulcus
- Posterior Intermediate Sulci
The internal structure of the spinal cord is organized into: inner core of _______ containing neuronal cell bodies while interconnecting _____ _____ ____ Form white matter externally.
Gray Matter
nerve fiber tracts
______ ______ is largest in the lower cervical and lower lumbar segments while ______ ______ increases at successively higher levels.
Gray Matter
White Metter
A discrete group of neuronal cell bodies is termed a ______ in CNS _____ ______ , whereas in the PNS, it is called a _______
Nucleus
Gray Matter
Ganglion
1-3
- Dorsal (posterior) horn
- Lateral Horn
- Ventral (anterior) horn
White matter of the spinal cord is divided into ______:
1.
2.
3.
These funiculi carry ascending and descending tracts between ______&_______
funiculi
- •anterior/ventral,
- •lateral
- •posterior/dorsal.
spinal cord and brain
1-2
what tracts do the lateral and vental funiculi have?
- fasciculus gracilis
- fasciculus cuneatus
lateral-spinothalamic/spinocerebellar/corticospinal
ventral-spinothalamic and corticospinal
Posterior/dorsal funiculi carry sensory info about ____ ____, _____ _______, & _____ _____; it is only _____
The 2 posterior/dorsal columns are what and what do they involve (roughly)?
position sense, vibratory sense and fine touch; only sensory
- fasciculus gracilis (legs+up)
- fasciculus cuneatus (arms+up)
Lateral funiculi carry_____ & _____ tracts (like two chords going opp. Directions)
The sensory info goes to _______ via the _________ tracts for balance and to the _______ via the _______ tract for pain and temp.
The motor output goes from brain to skeletal muscles of limbs via the ____ ________ ______.
sensory and motor
cerebellum
spinocerebellar
thalamus
lateral spinothalamic tracts
lateral cortico-spinal tract
The Anterior/_____ funiculi sends sensory info to the ______ via the _____ for crude touch. Motor output from brain goes to ______of trunk via the _____ _____ ______.
ventral
thalamus
anterior spinothalamic tract
skeletal muscles
ant. corticospinal tract
Fit the description with Thoracic, cervical, or lumbar spinal cord:
- wide and squashed looking, lots of white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus.
- round looking, little white matter, ventral horn enlargement, fasciculus gracilis.
- round looking, lots of white matter, little gray matter, lateral horn (intermediolateral nucleus)
- Cervical
- Lumbar
- Thoracic
The ____ is enclosed in several protective layers that support it and cushion it from trauma.
label them:
- CNS
- Dura Mater- “tough mother”
- Arachnoid Mater “spider like
- Pia Mater- “delicate mother”
- *Bone surrounds the outside (skull/vetebra)
The _____ _____ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater; it is a ____ space in the CNS and has _____ _____ _____ circulating within it.
subarachnoid space
true
CSF
The Epidural space is between the ____ and ____ ____, it is a ___ space and potential site for ______.
The Subdural space is between the ____ ____ and ____ ___, it is a ____ space, and potential site for hematoma aswell.
Bone and dura mater
potential
hematoma
Dura mater & arachnoid mater
potential
CSF is a clear colorless liquid that fills and surrounds the CNS to bathes brain and spinal cord; it is important in ____&_____ ____, and to act as a _____.
- Nutrient and waste exchange
- Cushion for CNS
CSF circulates in the ___ ___ and ______. CSF is made continuously by specialized vascular structure called the _____ _____.
- subarachnoid space
- ventricles
- choroid plexus
Label the following:
Navy
Green
Purple
Pink
Light Blue
Red
N-Subarachnoid space
G-2 lateral ventricles
Purp-Midline Third Ventricle
Pink- Choroid Plexus
Light Blue- 4th Ventricle
R-Central canal of Spinal cord
The _____ _____ of _____ acts as a door way from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle, then the ____ ____ allows CSF to move from 3rd to 4th ventricles. The 2 ____ _____ of _____ and, further down, the _____ ______ of ______ allow CSF to flow into the subarachnoid space.
- interventricular foramen of Monro
- Cerebral aqueduct
- the 2 Lateral apertures (of Luschka)
- Median aperture (of Magendie
From the subarachnoid space, CSF is reabsorbed into the___ ____ through ____ ____ valves formed by the arachnoid mater called _____ _____/____; these act as lil _____ to recirculate blood
- venous blood
- one way
- arachnoid villi/granulations
- filters
Hydrocephalus occurs when what happens?
Hydrocephalus occurs when too much CSF occupies the subarachnoid space
Anterior/ventral horn nuclei are organized medial to lateral AND anterior to posterior; the Medial nuclei supply muscles of _____, while lateral nuclei supply muscles of _____.
Neurons supplying flexor muscles are_____ to those supplying extensors
trunk
limbs
posterior
