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CADE > Axilla& Arm > Flashcards

Axilla& Arm Flashcards

1
Q

The _____is a pyramidal area between the arm and the thorax that serves as a passageway through which all ____&___ pass into the upper limb.

A

axilla

nerves and vessels

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2
Q

The contents of the axilla are enclosed in a fascial covering called the ____ ___ (____ ____) . Within the axilla you will find axillary ___ and __ __ as well as the ___ ___.

A

axillary sheath (prevertebral fascia)

vessels

lymph nodes

brachial plexus

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3
Q

The Axillary vessels are enclosed in the axillary sheath and include the ___ ____ (continuation of ____ ___) and the ____ ____ (continuation of the ____ ____).

A

axillary artery (continuation of subclavian artery

axillary vein (contin. of subclavian vein)

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4
Q

Axillary lymph nodes contain about \__-___ ___ _____ arranged in 5 main groups which are the?

A

20-30

deep nodes

  1. pectoral,
  2. subscapular,
  3. humeral,
  4. central
  5. apical.
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5
Q

The Brachial plexus provides ____, ____, and _____ innervation to the upper limb

A

motor, sensory, and sympathetic

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6
Q

The Axillary Artery represents the continuation of the ____ ____ on each side of the body. The transition between subclavian and axillary arteries begins at the ____ edge of the ____ ___. The axillary artery becomes the____ ____ as it passes the____ border of ____ ___. The axillary artery is the central structure of the axilla.

A

subclavian artery

lateral edge of the first rib

brachial artery

lower

teres major

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7
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are named by their position relative to the ____ ___ of the ____ ___. The___ ____ and its ____ ____ lie lateral to the axillary artery, while the ____ ___ and its ___ ___ are behind it and the medial cord is medial to it.

A

second segment of the axillary artery

lateral cord

terminal branches

posterior cord

terminal branches

medial cord

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8
Q

The axillary artery is divided into three segments, defined by the position of the ___ ____.

A

pectoralis minor:

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9
Q

The 1st segment of the axillary artery is located ____ to the pectoralis minor. It has a single branch, the__ ____ ___ which supplies muscles in the__ __ _____ ___ and anastomoses with ___ and/or ___ ___ ____

A

proximal

Superior thoracic artery

1st 2 intercostal spaces

intercostal and/or internal thoracic arteries

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10
Q

The 2nd segment of the axillary artery is located ___ to pectoralis minor and has two branches. The _____ ____ and the ____ ___ ___.

First, the thoracoacromial artery is a short wide trunk that divides into ___branches, including the ____, ____, ____, ____ branches.

Also, there is the lateral thoracic artery that supplies ___ ____ and ____ ___ of the ____

A

deep

Thoracoacromial artery

Lateral thoracic artery

4

acromial, deltoid, pectoral and clavicular.

serratus anterior

lateral aspect of the breast

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11
Q

The 3rd segment of the axillary artery is located ____ to pectoralis minor. It has three branches, the _____ ___, the _____ ___ ___, and the ____ ___ __.

The subscapular artery Contributes to an arterial_____ around the scapula (____ ___ ____) and forms the ____ ____ ___ supplies latissimus dorsi.

The Anterior humeral circumflex is the ____ of the 2 humeral circumflex arteries, which form an arterial anastomoses around the ____ ___ of the ___.

The Posterior humeral circumflex -Larger of the 2 humeral circumflex arteries and passes through the ___ ___ with the axillary nerve.

A

distal

Subscapular artery, Anterior humeral circumflex, and Posterior humeral circumflex

anastomoses

(circumflex scapular artery)

thoracodorsal artery

smaller

surgical neck of the humerus

quadrangular space

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12
Q

Compression of the axillary artery may be necessary when profuse bleeding occurs. The distal segment can be palpated in the ___ ____ ____ of the axilla. It may also be compressed at its ____, with pressure in the angle between _____ and the ____.

A

inferior lateral wall

origin

sternocleidomastoid and the clavicle.

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13
Q

The axillary vein is situated superficial to the ___ ____ throughout its course through the ____ ___. This vein is formed by the union of the____ and ____ ___. Proximally, the axillary vein becomes the ____ ___ as it crosses the first rib.

A

axillary artery

axillary fossa

brachial and basilic veins

subclavian vein

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14
Q

Wounds in the axilla often involve the ____ ____ due to its exposed position and are particularly dangerous because of profuse bleeding and the risk of ___ ___ (____) entering the blood.

A

axillary vein

air emboli (bubbles)

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15
Q

Axillary lymph nodes are arranged in 5 groups, what are they?

A

pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central and apical.

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16
Q

Humeral (lateral) axillary nodes lie along the ____ ___ of the axilla, ____ and _____ to the axillary vein. They drain most of ___ ____ except that which is carried by lymphatics traveling with the ____ ____ which drain to _____ or ____nodes instead.

A

lateral wall

medial and posterior

upper limb,

cephalic vein

apical or infraclavicular nodes

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17
Q

Pectoral (anterior) axillary nodes lie along the ____ ___ of the axilla, around the ___ ____ ___. They drain the ____ ____ ____ & ____ (___ ___ ___)

A

medial wall

lateral thoracic vein.

anterior chest wall & breast (upper outer quadrant)

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18
Q

Subscapular (posterior) axillary nodes lie along the ___ ___ and drain___ ___ & ____.

A

subscapular vessels

upper back & shoulder

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19
Q

Central axillary nodes are located deep to ____ ___near the base of the ___ and receive lymph from ___,____, and ____ ___.

A

pectoralis minor

axilla

humeral, pectoral, & subscapular nodes.

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20
Q

Apical axillary nodes are located at the ___of the axilla and receive lymph from ___ ___ and lymph following ____ ___

A

apex

central nodes

cephalic vein.

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21
Q

Efferent lymphatic vessels either drain to____ ___ or they unite to form the ____ ___ which drains into either the right ___ ____ or___ ___

A

clavicular nodes

subclavian trunk

lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct.

22
Q

An infection of the upper limb results in ____ (enlarged, tender and inflamed axillary lymph nodes). The ____ group is first to be involved.

A

lymphangitis

humeral

23
Q

In staging and determining the appropriate treatment of breast cancer, excision and pathological analysis of ____ ___ ___ is often necessary. Because axillary lymph nodes are arranged and receive lymph (and ___ ___) in a specific order, removing and excising lymph nodes in that order is important in determining how far the cancer has metastasized.

Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb may be impeded after removal of axillary lymph nodes, resulting in ____, or swelling as a result of accumulated lymph in the _____ ____ .

A

axillary lymph nodes

cancer cells

metastasized

lymphedema

subcutaneous tissue

24
Q

The brachial nerve plexus is a network of nerves supplying ___ ___, ____ ___, and ____ innervation to the upper extremity. It is formed by the union of ____ ___ __ of __-__.

These ventral rami lie between the ___ & ____ ___ and are termed ____ (branches: dorsal scapular & long thoracic nerves).

A

somatic sensory, somatic motor and sympathetic

ventral primary rami of C5-T1

anterior and middle scalene

roots

25
Q

In the brachial plexus, as the ventral rami pass into the posterior triangle of the neck, they form ____. Roots __ & ___ join to form the ___/___ ____ (branch = suprascapular n.).

A

TRUNKS

C5 and C6

SUPERIOR/UPPER TRUNK

26
Q

In the brachial plexis, root ___ forms the middle trunk, while roots ___ & ___ unite to form the INFERIOR/LOWER TRUNK.

A

C7

C8 and T1

27
Q

Each brachial plexus trunk divides into ____ & _____ divisions. posterior to the clavicle. The divisions unite to form ____. The anterior divisions of the ____ & ___ trunks form the LATERAL CORD. - The anterior division of the ____ trunk forms the MEDIAL CORD. - The posterior divisions of all trunks unite to form the ____ ___.

A

ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DIVISIONS

Cords

superior and middle

inferior

POSTERIOR CORD

28
Q

Each cord of the brachial plexus has several BRANCHES. - The Lateral cord branches into the ____ ___ ___ that will innervate pectoralis major.

It also branches intp the ____ ____ ____ that innervates ___ of the arm; this nerve changes its name to ___ ___ ___ ____ and to the ___ ___ ____ of the ___in the forearm that provides sensory info to skin of forearm. The lateral cord also branches into the ____ ___ (____ ____) and innervates most ___ of the forearm

A

LATERAL PECTORAL NERVE

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

flexors

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

MEDIAN NERVE (LATERAL ROOT)

flexors

29
Q

Injuries to the brachial plexus affect____ & ____from the upper limb, resulting in _____ & ____.

A

movements and sensation

paralysis and anesthesia

30
Q

Injuries to the superior brachial plexus (__-__) result from an excessive increase in the ___ between the____and ____ that ____ (___) the roots of the brachial plexus from the spinal cord. This gives rise to __ ____ __, in which muscles of the shoulder and arm are paralyzed, yielding an upper limb with an ____ ___, ____ ____ ___, & ____ ____. The lateral aspect of the upper limb also lacks _____.

A

(C5-6)

angle

neck and shoulder

tears (avulses)

Erb Duchenne palsy

adducted shoulder

medially rotated arm

extended elbow

sensation

31
Q

Injury to the inferior parts of the brachial plexus (____ ___ ) are much less common. They may occur when the upper limb is suddenly___ ___ (trying to break a fall) or during___. This may damage the ____ ___ of the brachial plexus, affecting the short muscles of the hand, resulting in claw hand.

A

Klumpke paralysis

pulled superiorly

during childbirth

inferior trunk

claw hand

32
Q

yellow

red

black

white

navy

A

yellow-pectoral (anterior)

red- posterior (subscapular)

black-apical

white- humeral

navy-central

33
Q

What is green? Yellow?

A

Y-axillary a.

G-subclavian a.

34
Q

1-13

A
  1. thoracoacromial a.
  2. coracoid process
  3. posterior circumflex humeral a.
  4. ant. circumflex humeral a.
  5. teres major
  6. brachial artery
  7. subscapular artery
  8. subscapular circumflex a.
  9. thoracodorsal a.
  10. lateral thoracic artery
  11. pec minor
  12. superior thoracic a.
  13. subcalvian a.
35
Q

What is in white?

A

axillary vein

36
Q

Red, oragne, green?

A

r-axillary vein

o-bracial branch

g-basillic

37
Q

1-4

A

1/lateral cord

  1. medial cord
  2. axillary artery
  3. posterior cord
38
Q

what are the superior and inferior arrows point to?

A

sup- musculocutaneous nerve

inf.- lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

39
Q

What is is pointing to?

A

median nerve

40
Q

What is it point to?

A

ulnar nerve

41
Q

The brachial fascia divides the muscles of the arm into compartments. The posterior compartment contains ____ while the anterior compartment contains ___.

A

extensors

flexors

42
Q

green purple,blue?

A

G-short head of biceps brachii

P-long head of biceps brachii

b-bicipital aponeurosis

43
Q

yellow?

A

brachiallis

44
Q
A

coracobrchialis

45
Q

purple

green

red

A

P- long head of triceps brachii
R-medial head of triceps brachii
G-lateral head of triceps brachii

46
Q
A

anconeus

47
Q

Tell me the following about biceps brachii:

PA:

DA:

A:

A

•Biceps brachii

–Action: Supinates and flexes forearm, flexes arm

–Proximal attachment:

  • Short head: coracoid process of scapula
  • Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

–Distal attachment: Radial tuberosity

48
Q

Tell me the following about brachialis:

Action:

PA:

DA:

A

•Brachialis

–Action: Flexes forearm

–Proximal attachment: Humerus

–Distal attachment: Ulnar tuberosity

49
Q

Tell me the following about coracobrachialis:

Action:

DA:

PA

A

•Coracobrachialis

–Action: Flexes arm

–Proximal attachment: Coracoid process of scapula

–Distal attachment: Humerus

50
Q

Tell me the following about triceps brachii:

Action:

DA:

PA:

A

•Triceps brachii

–Action: Extends forearm and arm

–Proximal attachment:

  • Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • Lateral head: humerus superior to radial groove
  • Medial head: humerus inferior to radial groove

Distal attachment: Olecranon of ulna

51
Q

Tell me the following about Aconeus:

PA:

DA:

Action

A

•Anconeus

–Action: Extends forearm

–Proximal attachment: Lateral humeral epicondyle

–Distal attachment: Olecranon of ulna

CADE (11 decks)

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