Spinal Nerves Flashcards by Aida Conti

Spinal nerves carry __ ___ fibers and ___ ___ fibers

Sensory afferent

Motor efferent

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At certain levels of body, spinal nerves become fused forming a complicated latter of fibers

Nerve plexus

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Peripheral nerves are wrapped in

Connective tissue

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Each segment has a pair of

Spinal nerves

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Each nerve is surrounded by the

Epineurium

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Epineurium projects into the nerve which divides up the nerve bundles of axons

Perineurium

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Perineurium divides the nerve into bundles of axons

Fascicles

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Each axon is surrounded by thin and delicate

Endoneurium

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Pairs of: 
Cervical
Thoracic 
Lumber 
Sacral
Coccygeal

8 C
12 T
5 L
5 S
1 Co

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Dorsal root carries

Sensory fibers

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Ventral roots carry

Motor fibers

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Roots in the cervical region are short, but they get progressively longer inferiorly, forming the

Cauda equina

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Spinal roots join to form short

Spinal nerves

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In thoracic region, ventral rami are split off another ramus carrying autonomic nerve fibers
(These enter the sympathetic trunk)

Rami communicantes

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Compromised of ganglia connected to each other forming a chain

Sympathetic trunk

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Clusters of sympathetic neuron cell bodies

Ganglia

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Somatic motor fibers leaving neurons of the ventral horn enter the rootlets combine to form

Ventral roots

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What do the motor fibers do after fusing to form the spinal nerves

Motor fibers enter the dorsal/ventral rami

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Ventral rami branch fuse with another lateral to the vertebral column forming

Complicated nerve plexus

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Visceral sensation comes from __ from the same regions and viscera

interceptors

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Somatic sensations come from __

Body wall, back, or limbs

Exteroceptors

Proprioceptors

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Somatic and visceral neurons cell bodies are located in the __ and enter the __ of spinal cord

Dorsal root ganglion

Dorsal horn

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It’s the only region of body that ventral rami arrange in simple segmental pattern

Thorax

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Intercostal nerves lying between ribs and muscle of thorax

Intercostal nerves wrapped in CT along with artsy and vein

Neurovascular bundle

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Thoracic nerves pass to

Intercostal spaces, axilla, chest, muscles of thorax, deep back and ab muscles

Nerves emanating from regions of spinal cord that control neck upper limbs and lower limbs combine to form

Complex nerve plexuses

4 nerve plexuses

Cervical Brachial Lumbar Sacral

Cervical plexus formed by

Ventral rami of first 4 cervical nerves

Only nerve innervating the diaphragm

Phrenic nerve

If both phrenic nerves are severed

Diaphragm is paralyzed

Most complicated plexus of 4 Innervates the complex musculature Situated partly in neck and axilla C5-T1

Brachial plexus

1. Axillary 2. Musculocutaneous 3. Radial 4. Ulnar 5. Median

1. Deltoid and teres major 2. Arm and forearm flexors 3. Arm and forearm extensors, thumb 4. Wrist and finger flexors, med fingers 5. Forearm flexors except flexor carpi ulnaris

Trauma to the radial nerve results in

Weakness to forearm extensors | "Wrist drop"

Radial nerve wraps around

Humerus in radial groove

Lack of blood supply to tissue

Ischemia

Brachial artery being compressed leads to

Arm going to sleep | Saturday night paralysis

When brachial plexus is stretched

Erb's Palsy | Results from reaching out when falling, someone yanking arm or pulling from above

Waiters tip | Results on damage of what nerves

Erb's Palsy | C8-T1

Inability to pronate arm | Inability flexing wrist

Median nerve Palsy

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by repetitive flexion pressing the nerve against

Flexor reticulum

Problems adducting or abducting fingers

Ulnar nerve Palsy

Little and ring fingers become hyperextended and knuckles and flexed at distal interphalangeal joints

Claw hand

nerve associated with hitting funny bone

Ulnar nerve

When C5-C7 is compressed

Winged scapula

Trauma to the radial nerve results in

Weakness to forearm extensors | "Wrist drop"

Radial nerve wraps around

Humerus in radial groove

Lack of blood supply to tissue

Ischemia

Brachial artery being compressed leads to

Arm going to sleep | Saturday night paralysis

When brachial plexus is stretched

Erb's Palsy | Results from reaching out when falling, someone yanking arm or pulling from above

Waiters tip | Results on damage of what nerves

Erb's Palsy | C8-T1

Inability to pronate arm | Inability flexing wrist

Median nerve Palsy

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by repetitive flexion pressing the nerve against

Flexor reticulum

Problems adducting or abducting fingers

Ulnar nerve Palsy

Little and ring fingers become hyperextended and knuckles and flexed at distal interphalangeal joints

Claw hand

nerve associated with hitting funny bone

Ulnar nerve

When C5-C7 is compressed

Winged scapula

Nerve that provides sensation to genitals and inner thigh

Ilioinguinal nerve

Nerve that provides sensory to scrotum M and labia majora F

Genitofemoral nerve

Motor nerve to adductor Magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus muscles

Obturator nerve

Biggest plexus, motor nerve to the quadriceps and sartorius muscles, pectineus and iliacus Damage to this nerve results in inability to extend leg at the knee)

Femoral nerve

Nerve that innervates the prime movers of both hip flexion and knee extension

Femoral nerve

Largest nerve of sacral plexus and in the body | This plexus is made up of __ and __ nerves

Sciatic nerve | Tibial and fibular nerve

Nerve that innervates deep to the gluteus Maximus and enters on posterior thigh to the hip joint

Sciatic nerve

Nerve that innervates posterior leg

Tibial nerve

Nerve that innervates the knee joint, fibularis longus, brevis muscles, tibialis, hallucis longus and digitorum longus and brevis

Fibular nerve

Nerve that motors gluteus medius and minimus to tensor fascia latae

Superior gluteal nerve

Nerve that innervates gluteus Maximus

Inferior gluteal nerve

Pain extending from buttocks down to back of leg means damage or pinching to

Sciatic nerve

Condition of intense stabbing pain radiating over the course of sciatic nerve from gluteal region to toes

Sciatica

Injury to fibular nerve nerve | Unable to dorsiflex while walking because they will stumble/fall

Foot drop

Calf muscles can't plantar flex the foot

Shuffling gait | Damage to tibial nerve

Injuries to sciatic can be from

Herniated disc Uterus pressure during pregnancy Osteoarthritis

Area of skin innervated by a single pair of spinal nerves

Dermatome

All spinal nerves innervated dermatomes except

Damage or infection of spinal nerve or dorsal root ganglion results in

Loss of sensation to region of skin supplied by the nerve