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A&P 2 > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Keeps nervous system continually informed of head movements and position so we maintain our balance

A

Equilibrium apparatus

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2
Q

Consists of auricle or pinna

A

External ear

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3
Q

Rim of helix, fleshy dangling part

A

Lobule (earlobe)

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4
Q

Function of this is to direct sound waves into external acoustic meatus

A

Auricle

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5
Q

Short tube that extends from the auricle to the eardrum, it’s lined with skin that’s lined with glands and short hairs

A

Auditory canal

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6
Q

Gland that secretes ear wax (cerumen) that traps foreign objects and repels insects
(Sebaceous and modified apocrine sweat glands )

A

Ceruminous glands

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7
Q

Boundary between the outer and middle ears

Sound waves makes this vibrate

A

Tympanic membrane

Eardrum

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8
Q

Lined with mucous membrane and filled with air

A

Tympanic cavity

Middle ear

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9
Q

Middle ear bones that receives vibration from the tympanic membrane

A

Ossicles

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10
Q

Mastoid air cells in temporal bone that communicates with posterior part of tympanic cavity (mid ear)

A

Tympanic Antrum

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11
Q

This connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx so we can equalize pressure between the middle ear cavity and external air pressure

A

Pharyngotympanic
Auditory tube
Formerly Eustachian tube

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12
Q

When popping our ears while going up a mountain, why is this done?

A

Auditory tube opens temporarily so middle ear cavity can equalize pressure with the environment
(Allowing tympanic membrane to vibrate freely)

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13
Q

Auditory tube is also a route for..

A

Which infections can spread from the throat to ear and even reach the brain

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14
Q

Inflammation of middle ear

A

Otitis media

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15
Q

Smallest bones in body that are in the inner ear

Name them

A

Auditory ossicles

Malleus, incus, and stapes

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16
Q

Labyrinth

Lies deep in temporal bone and consists of cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

A

Inner ear

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17
Q

Location of hearing located here

A

Cochlea

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18
Q

Sense organs of balance

A

Semicircular canals

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19
Q

Ossicle that has handle attached to eardrum and base fits in oval window

A

Malleus

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20
Q

This links the ossicles together into a chain that spans the middle ear cavity

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

Function of ossicles

A

Transmits the vibration of the tympanic membrane to the oval window, which sets the fluid of the cochlea into motion (excited hearing receptors)

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22
Q

Muscle that arises from the wall of the auditory tube and inserts on the malleus

A

Tensor tympani

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23
Q

Muscle that runs from the posterior of the middle ear cavity to the stapes
Smallest skeletal muscle in body

A

Stapedius

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24
Q

Tensor tympani does what when there’s loud noise

A

Tenses the ear drum by pulling it medialis

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25
Q

Stapedius does what when there’s loud noise

A

Impedes the vibration of the whole ossicle chain and limits movement of the stapes in the oval window

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26
Q

Innervated by cranial nerve N (trigeminal)

A

Tensor tympani

27
Q

Innervates by facial nerve

A

Stapedius

28
Q

Why do the muscles contract when there’s loud noise?

A

To prevent damage to heading receptors (1st order neurons)

29
Q

Condition that results if the stapedius is paralyzed (makes noise feel painful)

A

Hyperacousia

30
Q

Series of channels that are bored out of temporal bone, filled with fluid, contain fluid filled tube floating inside

A

Inner ear

Labyrinth

31
Q

Bony Labyrinth is filled with

A

Fluid called perilymph (similar to composition of CSF)

32
Q

Membranous labyrinth are

A

Tubes that float inside the bony labyrinth and filled with endolymph (fluid similar to intracellular fluid)

33
Q

What does Endolymph and perilymph do for hearing?

A

Conduct sound vibrations and respond to mechanical forces occurring during changes in body position and acceleration

34
Q

Central egg shaped cavity of bony labyrinth that’s suspended by perilymph and utricle and saccules

A

Vestibule

35
Q

Vestibule is united by a small duct are two membranous sacs

A

Saccules and utricle

36
Q

Receptors that respond to the pull of gravity and changes in position of head
Located in saccules and utricle

A

Maculae

37
Q

These project from vestibule

A

Semicircular canals

38
Q

Communicates with the utricle anteriorly

A

Semicircular duct

39
Q

Swelling at an end of a semicircular duct and houses an equilibrium receptor called

A

Ampulla

Croats ampullaris

40
Q

Equilibrium receptor that responds to angular or rotational movements of head

A

Crista ampullaris

41
Q

Extends vestibule and coils around Modiolus

A

Cochlea

42
Q

Bony pillar in cochlea

A

Modiolus

43
Q

Ends blindly at cochlear apex and runs through center of cochlea
Contains corti

A

Membranous cochlear duct

44
Q

Receptor organ for hearing

A

Corti

45
Q

Bony cochlea divided into 3 chambers/scalae

A

Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
And another

46
Q

What does scala vestibule and tympani have?

A

Perilymph

47
Q

Apex of cochlea that separates two scalae

A

Helicotrema

48
Q

Composed of highly vascularized mucous membrane that secretes endolymph into the duct

A

Stria vascularis

49
Q

Corti is composed of supporting cells and hearing receptor cells called

A

Hair cells

50
Q

Modified microbiology that protrude into K rich endolymph

Long ones project into tectorial membrane

A

Sterocilia

51
Q

Waves jiggle this, which sits on the corti

A

Basilar membrane

52
Q

Cranial nerve that receives electrical impulse from hair cells that are on the tectorial membrane

A

Cranial nerve 8

53
Q

Where on the basilar membrane does high frequency Sounds hit

A

Near base

54
Q

Where on the basilar membrane does medium frequency

A

Near middle of basilar membrane

55
Q

Where on the basilar membrane does low frequency

A

Near Apex (end of basilar membrane)

56
Q

Nerve impulses are sent out of ___ to go to cranial nerve 8

A

Cochlear Divison

57
Q

After cranial Nerve 8, where does sound go?

A

Travels to auditory or cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata

58
Q

After medulla oblongata, it ones to thalamus, then where?

A

Relayed to auditory area of temporal lobe

59
Q

Step 1 of hearing

A

Sounds channeled into external auditory meatus and strikes eardrum making it vibrate

60
Q

Step 2 of hearing

A

Eardrum vibrating causes malleus to vibrate and then is passed on to incus and stapes

61
Q

Step 3 of hearing

A

Stapes vibrates and moves the membrane of the oval window in and out

62
Q

Step 4 of hearing

A

Waves in the perilymph of scala vestibuli displaces the vestibular and basilar membranes
Producing waves in the endolymph in cochlear duct

63
Q

Step 5 of hearing

A

Waves then jiggle the basilar membrane upon which the organ of Corti sits

64
Q

Last step of hearing

A

Movement bends microvilli of the hair class that are embedded in the tectorial membrane and the hair cells send an electrical impulse back to the brain via cranial nerve VIII

A&P 2 (14 decks)

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