General Senses Flashcards
Arriving information
Sensation
Conscious awareness of sensation
Perception
Sensitive to stimuli on the outside of the body or are near the body surface
Exteroceptors
Respond to stimuli within the body
Monitor chemical changes, tissue stretch, temp, usually unaware of sensations that they convey
Interceptors (visceroceptors)
Respond to internal stimuli (skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, monitor how much organs are stretched)
Proprioceptors
Receptor that responds to pressure but not to sticking your hand in ice water or in acid
Touch receptors
Tips of dendrites that aren’t protected by accessory structures
Free nerve ending
Can respond to a variety of stimuli
Little receptor specificity
Area monitored by a single receptor
Receptive field
The larger the receptive field
The more crude the sensation
Always active, sustained response, frequency of action potentials indicated background level of stimulation
Tonic receptors
Inactive until change occurs in whatever they are monitoring, fast adapting, give bursts of impulses at the beginning and end of the stimulus
They resound transient my based on change
Phasic receptors
receptors dealing with pain, harm, temp extremes, mechanical damage, and dissolved chemicals
nociceptors
receptors dealing with temp
thermoceptors
receptors dealing with physical distortion
mechanoreceptors
receptors dealing with chemical concentration
chemoreceptors
proprioceptors are __ only
somatic
location of these receptors is in deep tissues and viscera; making patients determine exact location of pain
nocicoceptors
myelinated type A fibers-largest axons; injection or deep cut;sensation reaches CNS rapidly
fast pain fibers
unmyelinated type C fibers, small axons; burning or aching pain
slow pain fibers
when a neuron is brought closer to threshold making it more sensitive to stimuli
facilitation
explanation as to why people differ in their perception of pain associated with childbirth, headaches and back pain (chronic pain may “feel” worse than the amount of actual stimuli)
facilitation
associated with phantom limb pain
facilitation
neurotransmitter transmitting painful stimuli to the CNS
glutamate
where are endorphins released from
hypothalamus, limbic system, reticular formation
what do endorphins bind to and prevent the release of
bind to presynaptic membranes
prevent release of substance P
what is reduced when endorphins prevent the release of substance P
reduce the perception of pain (even though painful stimulus remains)
receptors that are located in the dermis, skeletal muscles, liver, and hypothalamus
thermoreceptors
cold or hot receptors are more numerous
cold
receptors that respond to mechanical distortion of their cell membrane (stretching, twisting, compression)
mechanoreceptors
receptors dealing with touch, pressure, vibration
tactile receptors
receptors that detect pressure changes in the walls of blood vessels, parts of digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts
baroreceptors
receptors that monitor positions of joints and muscles
proprioceptors
light touch tactile receptors
merkel cells
skin sensation tactile receptors
hair plexus
fine touch tactile receptors
tactile corpuscles
deep pressure tactile receptors
lamellated corpuscles
pressure tactile receptors
ruffini corpuscles
free nerve ending that branch within elastic tissues in the wall of an organ or blood vessel that can stretch
baroreceptors
receptors that monitor degree of lung expansion
lung baroreceptors
place where monitoring of lung expansion is sent
rhythmicity center
