spinal cord, spinal nerves autonomic nervous system Flashcards
three meninges
dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
cauda equina
hangs down almost like a horses tail
conus medullaris
spine forms a cone shape before the cauda equina
point of white matter tracts
contain ascending sensory and motor descending tracts
what grey matter carries sensory neurons in the spinal cord
posterior grey horns
what grey matter carries somatic motor nuclei in the spinal cord
anterior grey horns
what grey matter carries autonomic motor nuclei in the spinal cord
lateral grey horns
Nissl body
nervous systems version of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum
three layers of the nerve and where they are located
endoneurium-surrounds the axon
perineurium- covers a bundle of axons
epineurium- covered around an entire nerve
how do spinal nerves leave the vertebrae
intervertebral foramen
what does the posterior ramus supply
deep muscle and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk
what does the anterior ramus supple
limbs and skin and muscles of the lateral and anterior trunk
major plexus formed by the anterior rami
cervical
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
what are the roots for the cervical plexus,
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
what are the roots for the brachial plexus
C5,C6,C7,C8,T1,T2
what are the roots of the lumbar plexus
L1,L2,L3,L4,L5
what are the roots of the sacral plexus
L4,L5,S1,S2,S3,S4,S5
what nerves do thoracic vertebrae form and where from
intercostal nerves T2-T11
what is a dermatome
area of skin that is innovated by a single nerve root (spinal/cranial)
function of grey matter
integration of incoming and outgoing information =reflex arch
what is a reflex
fast involuntary, unplanned sequence of actions as a response to particular stimulus
three subtypes of the autonomic nervous sytem
sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric
what are examples of actions of the autonomic nervous system
cardiac muscles
smooth muscle
glands
autonomic motor pathway
pre-ganglionic neuron exits the CNS via cranial or spinal nerves, it then travels into the autonomic ganglion before reaching the postganglionic nerve finally reaching the effector \
pre-ganglionic neuron->spinal/cranial nerve->autonomic ganglion->postganglionic nerve->effector
where does the pre-ganglionic nerve come from
come off of the spinal nerve
sympathetic trunk and where it innovated
ganglia which travels to the side of the vertebral cord
and it innovated organs that lay above the the diaphragm
prevertebral ganglia and where it innovated
anterior to the vertebral column and innovated organs bellow the diaphragm
sympathetic division pathway
preganglionic neuron->anterior roots of the spinal nerves->white rami communicants->sympathetic trunk ganglion or continue to the prevertebral ganglion
autonomic motor pathway
preganglionic neurons exit the CNS via the cranial nerve or anterior root of spinal nerve, then once it reaches the effector it then synapse with the postganglionic neurons
autonomic plexus
wraps around organs and elicits change
what is the responsibility for the enteric division
control the gastro-intestinal pathway completely independent to the central nervous system
Eg sphincter muscles, peristalsis
